Visible light polymerization

Clinical concerns

Undercuring, shrinkage stress, safety (heating pulp or periodontium, vision)

Consequences of delivering too little energy

early clinical failures

Increasing leaching of material components

Undercured resin do not deliver manufactor intended results →

hard top, soggy bottoom

Increase curing times for?

Increased distances, darker shades, opaque shades

Max central insicors: class IV, procelain veneer, direct composite

__ cycles needed with 7 mm tip

__ cycles needed with 11 mm tip

four

1

Position the light tip

avoid?

use _exposure

as close as possible without touching and parallel to surface being cured

distance and shadows : increased exposure time with distance

supplmenetal lateral exposure

sources of heat generation during curing

light energy, polymerization rxn exothermic

Damage from heat to? When does irreversible damage occur?

pulp, 5-11 degrees C in young healthy pulps

oral soft tissues

heat gen: protection strategies

Air cool tooth during repeated curing/cycles

place gauze over oral mucsoa

Risk of retinal damage

photoretinitis, premature aging of retina, macular degeneration

if energy requirements of RBC is unknown?

minimum energy = 16 J

large diameter tips require?

increase in exposure time

MARC PC

managing adequate resin curing

1 mm anterior

4 mm posterior