ALL AS LEVEL CIE CHEM REACTIONS

rxn for COLD DILUTE NaOH and Cl2

2NaOH + Cl2​ -> NaCl + NaClO + H2​O

rxn for HOT concentrated NaOH with chlorine

6NaOH + 3Cl2​ -> 5NaCl + NaClO3​ + 3H2​O

rxn for sodium oxide + water

Na2O + H2O -> NaOH

rxn for sodium oxide + hydrochloric acid

Na2O + 2HCl -> 2NaCl + H2O

rxn for magnesium oxide + water

MgO + H2O -> Mg(OH)2

rxn for magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid

MgO + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O

rxn for aluminium oxide + water

Al2O3 + H2O -> NO REACTION

rxn for aluminium Oxide + hydrochloric acid

Al2O3 + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O

rxn for aluminium oxide + sodium hydroxide + water

Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O -> 2NaAl(OH)4

rxn for silicon dioxide + water

SiO2 + H20 -> NO REACTION

rxn for silicon dioxide + sodium hydroxide

SiO2 + 2NaOH -> NaSiO3 + H2O ← HOT NaOH

rxn for phosphorus oxide + water

P4O10 + 6H2O -> 4H3PO4

rxn for phosphorous oxide + sodium hydroxide

P4O10 + 12NaOH -> 4Na3PO4 + 6H2O

rxn for sulfur dioxide + water

SO2 + H2O -> H2SO3 (sulfurous acid)

rxn for sulfur dioxide + sodium hydroxide

SO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO3 + H2O

rxn for sodium sulfite + water + sodium dioxide

NaSO3 + H2O + SO2 -> 2NaHSO3

rxn for calcium oxide + sulfur dioxide

CaO + SO2 -> CaSO3

rxn for formation of hydrated calcium sulfate

CaO + SO2 + 2H2O + ½O2 -> CaSO4.2H2O

rxn for calcium carbonate + sulfur dioxide

CaCO3 + SO2 -> CaSO3 + CO2

rxn for calcium hydroxide + sulfur dioxide

Ca(OH)2 + SO2 -> CaSO3 + H2O

rxn formation of calcium sulfate

CaO + ½O2 + SO2 -> CaSO4

rxn for sodium and chlorine

with state symbols

2Na(s) + Cl2(g) -> 2NaCl(s)

rxn for magnesium + chlorine

with state symbols

Mg(s) + Cl2(g) -> MgCl2(s)

rxn for formation aluminium chloride (dimer)

with state symbols

2Al(s) + 3Cl2(g) -> Al2Cl6(s)

Si(s) + 2Cl2(g) -> SiCl4(l)

2P(s) + 5Cl2(g) -> PCl5(s)

Al2Cl6 + 12H2O -> 2[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 6Cl-

SiCl4 + 2H2O -> SiO2 + 4HCl

PCl5 + 4H2O -> H3PO4 + 5HCl

2M(s) + O2 -> 2MO (M = metal)

Mg(s) + 2H2O -> Mg(OH)2 + H2 (cold)

Mg(s) + H2O -> MgO + H2 (hot)

M(s) + 2H2O -> M(OH)2 + H2 ← M = Ca, Sr, Ba

M(s) + H2SO4 -> MSO4 + H2 ← M = metal

M(s) + 2H+ -> M2+ + H2 ← M = metal

MgO + H2O -> Mg(OH)2 ← pH 9

CaO + H2O -> Ca(OH)2 ← pH 11-13

MO + H2O -> M(OH)2 ← pH 12-14 - M = Sr, Ba, Ra

M(s) + H2SO4 -> MSO4 + H2 ← M = metal

M(s) + 2H+ -> M2+ + H2 ← M = metal

MO + H2SO4 -> MSO4 + H2O ← M = metal

MO + 2H+ -> M2+ + H2O ← M = metal

M(OH)2 + H2SO4 -> MSO4 + 2H2O ← M = metal

M(OH)2 + 2H+ -> M2+ + 2H2O ← M = metal

CO2 + H2O + CaCO3 -> Ca(HCO3)2

Ca(HCO3)2 -> CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O ← thermal decomposition

MgCO3 + HNO3 -> Mg(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O

MgCO3 + 2H+ -> Mg2+ + CO2 + H2O

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaCO3 + H2O

M(NO3)2 -> MO + 2NO2 + ½O2 ← thermal decomposition← M = Mg/Ca/Sr/Ba← brown gas, solid melts

MCO3 -> MO + CO2

Cl2 + H2O -> HCl + HOCl

Br2 + H2O -> HBr + HOBr

H2 + Cl2 -> 2HCl <-- in UV light

H2 + Br2 -> 2HBr <-- heat gently

H2 + I2 -> 2HI <-- heat

NH3(g) + HCl(g) -> NH4Cl(s)

NaCl + H2SO4 -> HCl + NaHSO4 ← conc H2SO4

2NaCl + H2SO4 -> 2HCl + Na2SO4 ← conc H2SO4

NaBr + H2SO4 -> HBr + NaHSO4 ← conc H2SO4

HBr + H2SO4 -> Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O ← bromide=stronger reducing agent

NaI + H2SO4 -> HI + NaHSO4 ← conc H2SO4

HI + H2SO4 -> I2 + SO2 + 2H2O ← iodide=stronger reducing agent

6HI + H2SO4 -> 3I2 + S + 4H2O

8HI + H2SO4 -> 4I2 + H2S + 4H2O

2Cl2 + 2H2O -> 4HCl + O2

ALKANE + excess O2 -> CO2 + H2O

Type: Complete combustion

ALKANE + limited O2 -> CO/C + H2O

Type: incomplete combustion

ALKANE + Cl2/Br2 -> HALOGENOALKANE

Type: homolytic free radical substitution

Condition: UV light

ALKENE + H2 -> ALKANE

Type: electrophilic addition

Conditions: 150C + Ni catalyst

ALKENE + Cl2/Br2 -> DI-HALOGENOALKANE

Type: electrophilic addition

Conditions: room temp

ALKENE + HX(g) -> HALOGENOALKANE

Type: electrophilic addition

Conditions: room temp

ALKENE + KMnO4/H2SO4 -> DIOL

Type: oxidation/redox/addition

Conditions: room temp

electrophilic addition of steam to an alkene, H2O(g) and H3PO4 catalyst

give conditions

ALKENE + STEAM -> alcohol

Conditions: 300C, 60 ATM, H3PO4

LOTS OF ALKENE -> ADDITION POLYMER

Type: Addition polymerisation

Conditions: Very high pressure

HALOGENOALKANE + NaOH(aq) -> ALCOHOL + Na+X-

Type: nucleophilic substitution

Conditions: NaOH(aq) + heat under reflux

HALOGENOALKANE + NaOH(ethanolic) -> Alkene

Type: elimination

Conditions: NaOH(ethanolic) + heat under reflux

HALOGENOALKANE + conc. NH3 -> AMINE

Type: nucleophilic substitution

Condition: Ethanolic solution of ammonia + heat in sealed tube/under high pressure

HALOGENOALKANE + HCN -> NITRILE

Type: nucleophilic substitution

Condition: KCN dissolved in ethanol + heat under reflux

PRIMARY ALCOHOL -> ALDEHYDE

Type: oxidation/redox

Conditions: K2CrO7/H2SO4, distill

PRIMARY ALCOHOL -> CARBOXYLIC ACID

Type: oxidation/redox

Conditions: K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 + heat under reflux

SECONDARY ALCOHOL -> KETONE

Type: oxidation/redox

Conditions: K2Cr2O7 + heat under reflux

ALCOHOL -> ALKENE

Type: dehydration

Conc. H3PO4/AL2O3/H2SO4

ALDEHYDE -> CARBOXYLIC ACID

Type: oxidation/redox

Conditions: K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 + heat under reflux

ALDEHYDE -> PRIMARY ALCOHOL

Type: reduction

Conditions: LiAlH4 (dry ether) or NaBH4(aq)

KETONE -> SECONDARY ALCOHOL

Type: reduction

Conditions: LiAlH4 (dry ether) or NaBH4(aq)

ALDEHYDE/KETONE -> HYDROXYNITRILE

Type: nucleophilic substitution

Conditions: KCN + H2SO4 + heat under reflux

ALDEHYDE -> CARBOXYLIC ACID with Tollens’ reagent

Type: redox

Conditions: AgNO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) then add NH3(aq)

rxn for oxidation of aldehyde to carboxylic acid

give type and conditions

ALDEHYDE -> CARBOXYLIC ACID with Fehling’s solution

Type: redox

Conditions: Fehling’s solution

rxn for nucleophilic addition-elimination

ALDEHYDE/KETONE -> HYDRAZONE

Conditions: 2,4-DNPH

rxn for iodoform test

and conditions needed

METHYL KETONE/SECONDARY ALCOHOL, ETHANAL, ETHANOL, PROPAN-2-OL -> iodoform/triiodomethane + sodium carboxylate

Conditions: I2(aq) + NaOH(aq)

rxn for formation of amine

NITRILE + Na + ETHANOL -> AMINE

Type: reduction

rxn for acid hydrolysis of nitrile

NITRILE + dilute HCl(aq) -> CARBOXYLIC ACID

rxn for alkaline hydrolysis of nitrile

NITRILE + dilute NaOH(aq) -> CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT

rxn for carboxylic acid + sodium

give type and conditions

CARBOXYLIC ACID + Na(s) -> CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT

Type: redox

Conditions: dry conditions

rxn for carboxylic acid + base
and list the type of reaction

CARBOXYLIC ACID + BASE -> CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT

Type: neutralization

rxn for carboxylic acid + metal carbonate

give type and observation

CARBOXYLIC ACID + METAL CARBONATE -> CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT

Type: neutralization

Effervescence

rxn for formation of primary alcohols

and state the type of reaction and the conditions

CARBOXYLIC ACID + LiAlH4 -> PRIMARY ALCOHOL

Type: reduction

Conditions: LiAlH4 should be In dry ether

rxn for esterification

give conditions as well

CARBOXYLIC ACID + ALCOHOL -> ESTER

Conditions: Conc H2SO4 catalyst