Natural Population Change

Name some reasons for natural population change

• Silk road

• Plague

• Invention of gunpowder

• Industrialisation

What is demography?

The study of people.

Situation is dynamic, not static. Population numbers, distribution, structure and movements constantly change in time, in space, and at different levels.

What did William Brandy say in 1980?

The world may become overpopulated and will certainly become overcrowded.

What is fertility?

The average number of children a woman is expected to give birth to, across her child-bearing years.

What is the birth rate?

Most common index of fertility.

Expressed as a rate per thousand per year to enable comparisons to be made between countries with varying sizes of population.

What is the death rate?

Is the decline in mortality, rather than an increase in fertility, that is largely responsible for population growth.

What did the twentieth century see in relation to death rates?

Saw a global reduction in death rates as a result of improved diet, medical services.

What are infant mortality rates?

The number of deaths of infants under one year old expressed per thousand live births a year.

How do infant mortality rates vary?

Vary throughout the world but tend to be highest in LICs where child mortality rates are also high.

What is the replacement level?

Number of children needed per woman in order to maintain a population size.

• Averages 2.11 which allows for deaths early in life.

What is the net production rate?

A measure of the average number of daughters produced by a woman in her reproductive lifetime.

What is the net production rate of a stable population?

1, with growing or declining populations less than 1 respectively.

How could the poor increase natural population change?

Poor would reproduce for money.

Name some causes of natural population change

• Demographic transition.

• Industrial revolution.

• Had lots of children as many died. Better healthcare meant people had less.

Give some impacts of natural population change.

• Moved from agriculture to manufacturing, science and transportation.

• Role of women shifted, allowing for emancipation.

What have been the solutions to natural population change?

• All countries populations will level off and decline if they become richer.

• UN forecasts there will not be a 12 billionth person born.