TGB Ch. 1 Intro

Trail guide to the body book

Where on the hand is skin the thinnest?

Where on the hand is skin the thickest?

Why is does the palm feel different than the back of the hand?

How many bones can you locate?

Can you sense where the bones begin and end?

How much pressure or squeezing do you need to apply to feel things?

Do you notice the pad of muscle at the base of thumb? Why is it so big?

Can you distinguish individual muscles? (Believe it

or not, five muscles are packed in there.)

Palpation

To examine or explore by touching (an organ or area of the body), usually as a diagnostic aid. It is an art and skill that involves:

1. locating a structure

2. becoming aware of its characteristics

3. assessing its quality or condition so you can determine how to treat it

Requirements of palpation:

1. receptive fingers and hands

2. open eyes

3. listening ears

4. calm breath

5. quiet mind

Active Movement

performed by partner or patient- should be slow and smooth

Passive Movement

partner or patient is relaxed while you do the movement

Sagittal Plane

divides the body into left and right halves; medial and lateral descriptions; actions of flexion and extension in this plane; midline/midsagittal runs down the center of the body symmetrically into two halves

Frontal/Coronal Plane

divides the body into front and back portions; anterior and posterior descriptive terms; actions of adduction and abduction in this plane

Transverse Plane

divides the body into upper and lower parts; superior and inferior descriptions; actions of rotation in this plane

Superior

closer to the head

Inferior

closer to the feet

Cranial

closer to the head

Caudal

closer to the buttocks

Posterior/Dorsal

further towards the back of the body

Anterior/Ventral

further towards the front of the body

Medial

closer to the midline or center of the body

Lateral

further away from the midline

Distal

further away from the trunk or body’s midline

Proximal

closer to the trunk

Superficial

closer to the body’s surface

Deep

further/deeper into the body

Extension

movement that straightens or opens a joint

Flexion

movement that bends a joint or brings bones closer together

Adduction

brings the limb medially toward the midline

Abduction

moves limb away from midline

Medial/Internal Rotation

limb turns toward the midline

Lateral/External Rotation

limb turns away from midline

Rotation

axial skeleton (head and neck) rotation looking from side to side in transverse plane

Circumduction

combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction to create a cone=shaped movement in the shoulder and hip joints

Lateral Flexion

occurs in the axial skeleton (neck and vertebral column) bends side to side

Elevation

jaw and scapula; movement superiorly

Depression

jaw and scapula; movement inferiorly

Supination

forearm and feet; “carrying soup”; when the radius and ulna are parallel to each other

Pronation

forearm and feet; “prone to spill”; when the radius crosses over ulna turning the palm down

Inversion

“turn in”; elevates the foot’s medial side and brings the sole of the foot medially; see plantar side of foot/bottom of foot facing the midline; big toe up in air

Eversion

“turn out”; elevates the foot’s lateral side and moves the sole of the foot laterally; plantar side of foot facing down and away from midline; big toe rolled in and touching the ground

Plantar Flexion

moving the ankle to point your foot down to the ground; stepping on gas pedal

Dorsiflexion

moving the ankle up towards leg/shin; letting off the gas pedal

Protraction

“protrude”; moves anteriorly; scapula/head/clavicle/jaw

Retraction

“retreat”; movement posteriorly; scapula/head/clavicle/jaw

Deviation

wander from the usual course; lateral deviation occurs at the mandible during talking or chewing

Opposition

happens only at the carpometacarpal joint of thumb when the thumbpad crosses the palm toward the last digit (pinky)

Prone

laying face down; on stomach face down

Supine

laying on back; on back face up

Side -Lying

laying on either side of body with chest facing that direction and back the other way

Joint/Articulation

point of contact between bones

Origin

attachment to a stationary bone

Insertion

connection to a more mobile bone