Hip & Gluteal Region

Hip joint

ball and socket, synovial
head of femur with acetabulum

hip socket

depth increased via fibrocartilagenous labrum and transverse acetabular ligament
-not as mobile as GH joint

iliofemoral ligament

AIIS to intertrochanteric line
strongest in the body
prevents hyperextension and ER

pubofemoral ligament

superior pubic ramus to deep surface of iliofemoral ligament
prevents abduction and extension

ischiofemoral ligament

ischium to greater trochanter
weakest of three

ligaments of the hip joint

iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral
all allow flexion of the hip

blood supply to hip joint

circumflex femoral artery, acetabular branch of obturator artery

profunda femoris artery

largest branch of femoral artery

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

rare childhood hip disorder
necrosis of femoral head due to lack of blood flow
idiopathic (unknown cause)

hip joint arthroplasty

most common cause for need is arthritis
typical patient is 60-80 yrs old

gluteal region

posterior aspect of body, inferior to iliac crest and superior to inferior border of gluteus maximus (gluteal fold)

intergluteal cleft

butt crack
functions for movement
S3-anus

greater sciatic foramen

piriformis muscle, pudendal nerve, superior and inferior gluteal VAN

lesser sciatic foramen

Internal pudendal artery and vein, Pudendal nerve, Obturator internus tendon, obturator internus nerve

superficial muscles of gluteal region

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata
-ABduct, extend, and rotate thigh

deep muscles of gluteal region

Piriformis, Obturator internus, obturator externus, Superior gemellus, Inferior gemellus, Quadratus femoris
-laterally rotate thigh, stabilize femoral head

Trendelenburg gait

abductor paralysis, injury to gluteal nerve

hip drop + toe drag on "good" side

piriformis and sciatic nerve arrangement 1

sciatic nerve exits greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis

piriformis and sciatic nerve arrangement 2

sciatic nerve splits early and common fibular portion pierces piriformis

piriformis and sciatic nerve arrangement 3

sciatic nerve splits early and common fibular portion exits superior to piriformis