Classics 270- Chapters 16-18

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46 Terms

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Theseus

Son of Aegeus and Aethra and conceived with they help of Poseidon. Raised in secret and left a sword and a pair of sandals under a large rock by Aegeus for when he grew strong enough to lift the rock and take the objects to Athens. Performed 6 famous deeds of strength on his journey.

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Cecrops

A mortal whom Athenians claimed they were descendent of. Was king when Athena and Poseidon competed for patron of the city and Athena won by offering an olive tree.

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Erichthonius

An early king of Athens who succeeded Cecrops. He was born as a result of Hephaestus pursuing Athena across the Acropolis and ejaculating semen onto her leg which Athena wiped it off with a piece of wool, which she threw to the ground. From the ground and wool he was born.

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Procnê

Daughter of Pandion and sister of Philomela and Erechtheus. Given as wife to Tereus for his help in Athens’ war with Thebes. She then bore Itys, her son.

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Philomela

Daughter of Pandion and sister of Prone and Erechtheus. She was trciked and raped by Tereus. She eventually transforms into a songless swallow.

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Tereus

Helped King Pandion of Athens defeat Thebes in a war and was given his daughter Procne as his wife. Father of Itys.

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Itys

Son of Procne and Tereus. Killed and served to Tereus by Procne as revenge for raping and imprisoning her sister Philomela.

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Erechtheus

King of Athens and son of Pandion. He was brother of Procne and Philomela and father to the second Cecrops and Orithyia.

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Aegeus

Sterile son of the second Pandion. After going to the Delphic Oracle and later consulting with Pittheus he learns how he can conceive an heir and he becomes the father of Theseus.

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Aethra

Daughter of Pittheus and mother of Theseus who raised him in secret. She shows Theseus the rock where Aegeus left Theseus a sword and sandals.

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Procrustes

He had a house by the road with two beds, one large and one small and he offered travelers a place to sleep for the night, putting the big people in the little bed and the little people in the big bed. He would sawed off the protruding parts of the big people and stretched out the little ones. He was eventually killed by Theseus.

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Amazonomachy

Meaning “battle with the Amazons”, it was provoked by Theseus’ capture of Antiope, the queen of the Amazons. Eventually the Athenians defeated the Amazons.

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Hippolytus

Son of Amazon queen Antiope. He became a devotee of the virgin huntress Artemis and despised women, denied his own sexual nature, and cared only for the hunt and the wilderness.

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Phaedra

Wife of Theseus and daughter of Minos. She fell in love with with Hippolytus and when her secret was exposed she hanged herself in an effort to preserve her honor.

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Bellerophon

Corinthian hero who was falsely accused of making advances by the wife of King Proteus. He was then sent to the king of Lycia who gave him impossible tasks that were meant to kill him. He managed to perform each task successfully and later died after trying to fly to heaven and falling to his death.

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Pirithoüs

King of the Lapiths. He heard of Theseus’ prowess and decided to test him, so he raided Theseus’ flocks, but was caught him red-handed. After he apologized and volunteered to become Theseus’ slave they later each swore to eternal friendship.

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Lapiths

A Thessalian tribe and one of their kings was Pirithoüs. They went to war with the Centaurs in the Centauromachy.

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Centaurs

Cousins of Pirithoüs who had sprung from the seed of Ixion, when he ejaculated into a cloud that looked like Hera. They go to war with the Lapiths in the Centauromachy.

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Centauromachy

War between the Lapiths and the Centaurs which was started after the Centaurs lost control of themselves after having wine at Pirithoüs’s wedding and attacking the bride and guests. It ended in the Centaurs being defeated.

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Pisistratus

He was a famous leader of Athens and father of Hippias and Hipparchus. He popularized of the legends of Theseus and unified Attica under the political and cultural rule of Athens.

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Europa

Daughter of Agenor and sister of Cadmus, Cilix, and Phoenix. She is seduced and taken away to Olympus by Zeus and bears Minos, Sarpedon, and Rhadamanthys

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Minos

Son of Europa and Zeus. After being given the kingship of Crete by Poseidon who sent him a bull from the sea as a sign of his election, he failed to sacrifice the bull back to Poseidon which angered Poseidon who caused his wife Pasiphaë to fall in love with the bull.

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Pasiphaë

Wife of Minos and daughter of Helius. She was possessed by Poseidon to fall in love with the bull that Minos failed to sacrifice who she then bore the Minotaur.

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Daedalus

A descendant of Cecrops and a great craftsman who Pasiphaë confided her love for Minos’ bull to. He constructed a hollow wooden cow for Pasiphaë to hide in while Minos’ bull mounted it and impregnated the queen on the inside.

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Minotaur

Conceived by Pasiphaë and Minos’ bull from Poseidon. He was a man-eating monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man. Minos imprisoned him in the Labyrinth.

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Labyrinth

Built by Daedalus as a prison to hold the Minotaur. It was a complex maze with the Minotaur at its center. No one who entered could find a way out and was doomed to be eaten by the monster within.

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Scylla

Daughter of King Nisus of Megara. When Minos attacked Megara, she fell in love with him and shared her father’s secret that his purple lock of hair made him invisible. She agreed to betray her father if Minos would marry her so she cut off his purple lock, but when Minos conquered the town he did not marry her.

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Icarus

Son of Daedalus who was imprisoned with him in the Labyrinth. He and Daedalus escaped by crafting wings and flying away from Crete but on the journey he flies to close to the sun and the wax on his wings melt causing him to fall into the sea.

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Cocalus

King of Camicus, whose court Daedalus took refuge at after escaping Crete. He was demanded by Minos to surrender Daedalus, so he tricked Minos in bathing in a tub of boiling water, killing Minos.

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Boeotia

Plain of Ancient Greece that was home to the city of Thebes. It sits north of Attica and northeast of Peloponnesus.

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Sparti

Name meaning “sown men,” they were the ancestors of the principal aristocratic families of Thebes. They were the five remaining warriors of those sprang up from the sowed teeth of the dragon who Cadmus had defeated.

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Antiope

The daughter of King Nycteus of Thebes who was seduced by Zeus and became pregnant. She shamed by her father and later imprisoned by her uncle Lycus. She brithed the twins Amphion and Zethus

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Amphion

Twin of Zethus and son of Antiope who was skilled at the lyre. After reuniting with his mother after her imprisonment, he tracked down her tormentor, Dirce, and tied her to a wild bull, which dragged her to death. They then killed Lycus.

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Zethus

Twin of Amphion and son of Antiope who was a cattle breeder and a man of action and practical affairs. After reuniting with his mother after her imprisonment, he tracked down her tormentor, Dirce, and tied her to a wild bull, which dragged her to death. They then killed Lycus.

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Dircê

Wife of Lycus who hated Antiope and locked her in a cell where she tortured her daily. She was eventually killed in revenge by Amphion and Zethus by being tied to a bull and dragged to her death.

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Laius

Became king of Thebes after Amphion and Zethus died. He married Jocasta and after learning from an oracle that he would die at the hands of his own son, ordered that the child be exposed to die. Later, he was killed by Oedipus who ended up being his long lost son who had been saved after abandonment.

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Jocasta

Wife of Laius and queen of Thebes. After Laius’ death she married Oedipus not knowing that he was her son and later kills herself after learning this information.

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Oedipus

Adopted son of Polybus and Merope. He was told by a Pythia that he would kill his father and marry his mother, however not knowing he was adopted, he fled from home and headed toward Thebes. On his way got into a fight with Laius and killed him. Once he arrived in Thebes, he solved the riddle of the Sphinx, saving the city, so he was made king and married Jocasta. Later, he learns that Laius was his father and Jocasta his mother and blinds himself in his shame.

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Polynices

Son of Oedipus and Jocasta and brother of Eteocles, Antigone, and Ismene. He was driven by Eteocles from Thebes but later returned with an army to take the throne of Thebes. He and Eteocles kill each other while in combat.

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Eteocles

Son of Oedipus and Jocasta and brother of Polynices, Antigone, and Ismene. He was a king of Thebes and drove Polynices from the city so he didn’t have to share power with him. He and Polynices kill each other while in combat

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Antigone

Daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta and sister of Polynices, Eteocles, and Ismene. She buries Polynices, defying Creon’s decree insisting that family and ancient custom are more important. Creon condemns her to death for this and she eventually hangs herself before she can be saved.

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Ismene

Daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta and sister of Polynices, Eteocles, and Antigone. She tries to warn Antigone against defying the law against burying Polynices, but is unsuccessful.

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Adrastus

King of Argos who married Polynices and Tydeus to his daughters. He agreed to restore Polynices and Tydeus to their kingdoms, so he summoned his chieftains and they attacked Thebes and Calydon.

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Amphiaraüs

A hero and seer who was summoned by Adrastus to fight in the war against Thebes and Calydon. Before the war he realized that all the leaders except Adrastus were going to die and argued vehemently against the war, but was overruled. He told his son Alcmaeon to avenge his inevitable death.

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Eriphylê

Sister of Adrastus who was arranged to marry Amphiaraus on the condition that any further quarrels between the two men would be decided by her. She favored with Adrastus on going to war with Thebes and Calydon after Polynices brided her with the necklace of Harmonia

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Epigoni