Wildlife Damages Midterm

BASH

Bird Air Strike Hazard

How many bird air strikes occur per year, excluding military strikes?

15,000

Where do most bird airstrikes occur?

Airports

What organization is in charge of mitigating bird airstrikes in military settings?

USDA Wildlife Services

What are the top 4 most common species involved in airstrikes?

Mourning Doves, Canada Geese, Starlings, White Tailed Deer

What are some reasons airstrikes may be increasing?

More people flying, successful conservation efforts

IPM

Integrated Pest Management

What are some Strategies for IPM?

Lethal Control, Fear Provoking, Habitat Modification, Monitoring, Reporting, Technology

What gauge of gun is used for Lethal Control with birds?

12 Gauge

Why is lethal control effective when used to help prevent airstrikes?

Effectively uses fear as well as being lethal

Why is lethal control not very effective when managing pest animals?

Animals repopulate quickly, and populations grow faster when there are less animals.

What are some methods of fear-provoking for birds?

Falconry, Propane Cannons

What are some methods of habitat modification to limit bird populations?

Limit standing water, unattractive vegetation

DVC

Deer Vehicle Collisions

What is the most deadly animal in America?

Deer

What states are in the top 3 for DVCs?

West Virginia, Montana, Pennsylvania

What is the most effective mitigation method for animal road collisions?

Animal over and underpasses

If they are the best solution, why are Animal Overpasses/Underpasses so rare?

Cost, Difficult to install in old roads

ROW

Right of Way

LC

Lethal Control

Why is lethal control often ineffective?

Populations grow faster as numbers decrease

LD

Lethal Dose

What is a lethal dose?

Dose that kills >50% of test population

LC

Lethal Concentration

What is lethal concentration?

Lethal dose for a fumigant

How is LD measured?

mg/kg

M44

Sodium Cyanide, used for Coyotes

What are current rodenticides typically based in?

Sodium Nitrate

What are two styles of non-lethal traps for rats and mice?

Sherman Trap, Box/Cage Trap

What is an approved method of animal euthanasia?

CO2 Asphyxiation

What is the largest jaw spread for a leg hold trap allowed on land in GA?

5.75

ADC

Animal Damage Control

What choice that is made when trapping is the most important to limit bycatch?

Trap Size

What is the difference between bait and lures?

Bait is food based, lures are scent based

What recent changes are causing usage of traditional tools for wildlife management to become more restricted?

Public Attitude and Environmental Regulations

What must be true of a control program to avoid scrutiny?

Actions are justified, environmentally safe, and benefit the public.

Wildlife damage control activities must be based on:

sound economic, ecological, and sociological principles

What are the four parts of a wildlife damage control program?

Problem Definition, Ecology of the Problem Species, Control Methods Application, evaluation of control.

Determining the species and numbers of animals causing a problem, the amount of loss, or nature of the conflict, and other biological and social factors.

Problem Definition

Understanding the life history of the species, especially in relation to the conflict.

Ecology of the Problem

 taking the information gained from the problem definition and ecology of the problem to develop an appropriate management program to alleviate or reduce the conflict

Control Methods Application

Allows an assessment of the reduction in damage in relation to costs and impact of the control on target and nontarget populations and the environment.

Evaluation of Control

Emphasis is increasingly being placed on this strategy that combines several control methods and is coordinated with other management practices in use at a given time.

Integrated pest management

What is the Net Value of Wildlife?

All positives minus negatives

What is the primary goal of wildlife damages?

To decrease negative wildlife impacts.

What comprises a damage situation?

An animal causing damage, a human experiencing the damage, and something damaged

IMP

Integrated Pest Management

What federal agency handles wildlife damages?

USDA Wildlife Services

APHIS

Animal Plant Health Inspection Service

What does USDA Wildlife Services Help with in GA

Beavers, Deer, Canada Geese, Hogs, and Disease

BASH

Bird Air Strike Hazard

In what ways can people be injured/killed by animals?

Collisions, Disease, Attacks

What often causes animal attacks?

Ignorance or Alcohol

What animal has NO record of attacks in GA?

Black Bear

What Venomous Snakes are Native to GA?

Copperhead, Pygmy Rattler, Timber Rattler, Cottonmouth, Eastern Diamondback, Coral Snake

What is the only non-pit viper native to GA?

Coral Snake

Conspecifics

Members of the same species that are seen as competition

What is the number one way to mitigate animal attacks?

Education

Reservoir

Pool of individuals with the disease

Vector

Method/Agent of transport

Pathogen

Disease causing agent

Morbidity Rate

Rate of Infection

Mortality Rate

Rate of death

SCWDS

Southeast Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study

CDC

Center for Disease Control

What is the formal name for Rabies?

Rhabdovirus

What bacteria causes plague?

Y. Pestis

What are the three types of plague?

Bubonic, Septicemic, Pneumonic

What is the most common zoonotic disease in the US?

Leptospirosis

What is the common name for Leptospirosis?

Rabbit Fever

A predator that gives chase

Coursing predator

An ambush predator

Stalking Predator

What are three types of ticks that carry disease?

Lone Star, Black Legged, and Deer

Tapetum

reflective layer at back of eyes

Optic Fovea

part of eye that senses movement

LD50

Lethal dose of >50%

How does deer vision compare to humans?

Poor in distance, great with motion.

How does deer hearing compare to humans?

Similar, some higher frequencies.

How does a uga deer fence differ from a traditional deer fence?

Shorter, roof to prevent deer from jumping over, but deer can jump to get out

Where would you find the application instructions for a toxicant?

Label

What is one human health hazard caused by beavers?

Giardia spread by stagnant water

What is the purpose of a castor mound?

to mark territory

What is required to apply pesticides for money in the state of GA?

Commercial Pesticide Applicator’s License

What is the legal requirement for the placement of 330 conibears in GA?

Must be within 10 ft of water

What are some rodenticides?

Sodium Nitrate, Warfarin, Coumadin

What toxicant is being researched for feral hogs?

Sodium Nitrate

What deadly toxicant is used for removing starlings?

DRC1339

What non-lethal toxicant is used to capture Canada Geese?

Alpha Chloralose

What are deer repellents based in?

Capsaicin

What is secondary toxicity?

When an animal eats the remains of a poisoned animal and is therefore poisoned.

What is a lethal trap used for rodents?

Victor Rat Trap

What are two non-lethal rodent traps?

Sherman trap, Box/Cage Style Traps

Why is determining the size of an animal crucial in trapping?

Prevents bycatch and ensures trap will function as intended

What bait works best for Rats and Mice?

Oatmeal

What bait works best for Raccoons?

Sardines and Marshmallows

What bait works best for Opossums?

Dry Cat Food

What bait works best for Armadillos?

Worms

What bait works best for Skunks?

Wet Cat Food, Sardines, Etc.

Why is trap size particularly crucial when trapping skunks?

Cant lift tail, cant spray.

What bait works best for Groundhogs?

Apples