Animal Kingdom - Chordata

Cyclostomes

Cyclostomes

________ have a sucking and circular mouth without jaws.

Teeth

________ are modified placoid scales which are backwardly directed.

Phylum Chordata

________ is divided into three subphyla:

hind limbs

The ________ generally have scales and are modified for walking, swimming, or clasping the tree branches.

Endoskeleton

________ is fully ossified (bony) and the long bones are hollow with air cavities (pneumatic)

air bladder

The ________ is present which regulates buoyancy.

Skin

________ is dry without glands except for the oil gland at the base of the tail.

skin of mammals

The ________ is unique in possessing hair.

digestive tract of birds

The ________ has additional chambers, the crop, and the gizzard.

amphibian skin

The ________ is moist (without scales)

Respiration

________ is by the gills, lungs, and skin.

ventral muscular heart

Besides the basic chordate characteristics, vertebrates have a(n) ________ with two, three, or four chambers, kidneys for excretion and osmoregulation, and paired appendages which may be fins or limbs.

alimentary canal

The ________, urinary and reproductive tracts open into a common chamber called cloaca which opens to the exterior.

cranium

The ________ and vertebral column are cartilaginous.

notochord

The ________ is replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in the adult.

pairs of gill slits

They have an elongated body bearing 6- 15 ________ for respiration.

Amphibians

________ can live in aquatic as well as terrestrial habitats.

crocodiles

The heart is usually three- chambered, but four- chambered in ________.

polar ice

They are found in a variety of habitats- ________ caps, deserts, mountains, forests, grasslands, and dark caves.

marine animals

They are ________ with streamlined bodies and have cartilaginous endoskeletons.

Gill slits

________ are separate and without operculum (gill cover)

Subphyla Urochordata

________ and Cephalochordata are often referred to as protochordate and are exclusively marine.

terrestrial animals

They are mostly ________ and their body is covered by dry and cornified skin, epidermal scales, or scutes.

tympanum

A(n) ________ represents the ear.

cold blooded animals

They are ________.

Urochordata

In ________, the notochord is present only in the larval tail, while in Cephalochordata, it extends from head to tail region and is persistent throughout their life.

Skin

________ is covered with cycloid /ctenoid scales.

Cyclostomes

________ are marine but migrate for spawning in fresh water.

Examples

Petromyzon (Lamprey) and Myxine (Hagfish)

Examples

Scoliodon (Dog fish), Pristis (Saw fish), Carcharodon (Great white shark), and Trygon (Sting ray)

Examples

Bufo (Toad), Rana (Frog), Hyla (Tree frog), Salamandra (Salamander), Ichthyophis (Limbless amphibian)

Examples

Chelone (Turtle), Testudo (Tortoise), Chameleon (Tree lizard), Calotes (Garden lizard), Crocodilus (Crocodile), Alligator (Alligator)

Hemidactylus (Wall lizard), Poisonous snakes

Naja (Cobra), Bangarus (Krait), Vipera (Viper)

Examples

Corvus (Crow), Columba (Pigeon), Psittacula (Parrot), Struthio (Ostrich), Pavo (Peacock), Aptenodytes (Penguin), Neophron (Vulture)

They are found in a variety of habitats

polar ice caps, deserts, mountains, forests, grasslands, and dark caves