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Precipitation

A process in chemistry where a solid forms from a solution during a chemical reaction.

Volumetric precipitation method

A titration technique that involves the formation of a precipitate to determine the concentration of an analyte.

Mohr method

A method of volumetric analysis using chromate ion as an indicator for determining chloride concentration.

Fajans method

A method that uses adsorption indicators for detecting the end point of titration at the surface of the precipitate.

Volhard method

An indirect titration method that determines the amount of precipitate using a back-titration of excess reagent.

Gran equivalent weight

Calculated by dividing the molecular weight of a compound by the total valence of the precipitated ion.

Indicator

A substance that changes color at a specific concentration or condition, used to signal the end point of a titration.

Standard solutions

Solutions of known concentration used to determine the concentration of unknown samples.

Turbidity

The cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye.

End point

The point in a titration where the reaction is complete, often indicated by a color change.

Titrant

A solution of known concentration used to titrate another solution.

Silver nitrate

A chemical compound used as a titrant in volumetric precipitation methods, particularly in halide ion determination.

Potassium chromate

An indicator used in the Mohr method that forms a red precipitate upon reacting with silver ions.

Ferric ammonium sulfate

An indicator that forms a red thiocyanate complex to signal the end point in the Volhard method.

Adsorption indicators

Indicators that change color based on the adsorption of ions onto the surface of a precipitate.

Ag+

Silver ion, often used in precipitation reactions and volumetric analysis.

SCN−

Thiocyanate ion, used in back titration methods, particularly in the Volhard method.

AgCl

Silver chloride, a white precipitate formed in the presence of chloride ions.

AgBr

Silver bromide, a bromide precipitate formed in argentometric titrations.

Ag2CrO4

Silver chromate, a red precipitate formed when chromate ions react with silver ions.

Residual titration

A method in which excess reagent is titrated to determine the amount that has not reacted.

Color change

A visual indication of the end point in a titration, often signaling the completion of the reaction.

Argentometric titration

A method of titration involving the use of silver salts to determine halide concentrations.