GSMST Orchestra Final Exam

Primitivism

use of barbaric sounding rhythms and dissonance in pieces like "Le Sacre du Printemps" (The Rite of Spring)

Impressionism

depicting a "vague picture" in music with use of scales like the whole tone scale as expemplified by Debussy's "Engulfed Cathedral"

Expressionism

music written to evoke an emotional response from the listener

that tonality dissolves

Characteristic of 20th century music?

Arnold Schoenberg

composer who was part of the New Viennese School and created the 12-tone method of composition

Matrix

used to determine the pattern of notes used in a piece of music in 12-tone composition

Opera

has no spoken dialogue

Programmatic music

music that tells a story or depicts an image

Nationalistic music

music inspired by traditional dance rhythms, folk tunes, and/or stories from a particular country or region

larger

The orchestra in the Romantic Period became _______.

Art Song

The other term for the German "Lied"

Classical period music

Generally, music with:

clear-cut, 4-measure phrases

clearly marked cadences

Symphony

Classical period composition started with 3 movements and later moved to 4 movements

2 violins, 1 viola, 1 cello

Standard instrumentation for a string quartet

Sonata

Classical period, multi-movement composition for soloist and piano or piano alone

Concerto

Multi-movement composition for soloist accompanied by an orchestra

smaller

Baroque period orchestra is _______ than the Classical period orchestra.

Concerto grosso

Hallmark composition of the Baroque period for a small group of soloists accompanied by orchestra

cantata is shorter than an oratorio

typical difference between an oratorio and a cantata is that...

Baroque suite

multi-movement work comprised of dances

Modes

scales used for music during the Medieval period

Monophony

predominant form of music in the EARLY Medieval period, a single melody line with Latin text

Pope Gregory

cataloged chant and made it part of the Medieval Catholic liturgy

Antiphonal

singing that alternates back and forth between 2 or more groups

Responsorial

singing that has a vocal soloist alternate with a choir

TROUBADORS and TROUVERES

Medieval secular music from/in France was performed by ____ and ____, and their music is the largest surviving body of works.

Estampie

type of Medieval instrumental, secular dance

Organum

any Medieval music that adds a second melodic line to Gregorian Chant

Polyphony

predominant music style of the Renaissance

Motet

Renaissance polyphonic, vocal composition that was usually SACRED

Madrigal

Renaissance polyphonic, vocal composition that was SECUlAR and often about courtly love

Both are Reinaissance polyphonic, but...

Motet - SACRED

Madrigal - SECULAR

The difference between Motet and Madrigal is...

450-1450

Medieval dates

1450-1600

Renaissance dates

1600-1750

Baroque dates

1750-1820

Classical dates

1820-1900

Romantic dates

1900-present

Modern Era dates

Classical

Declaration of Independence was during...

Romantic

American Civil War was during...

Medieval

Black Death was during...

col legno

with the wood of the bow

sul tasto

play over the finger board

con sordino (con sord.)

with mute

marcato

marked/slightly detached

tenuto (-)

play note to its full value

staccato (.)

lightly separated

slur

smooth and connected, legato

crescendo

get gradually louder

decrescendo

get gradually softer