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REM rebound

Tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

Sensorineural hearing loss

Most common form of hearing loss, caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerve; also called nerve deafness. Cannot be reversed, but hearing can be semi-restored with a cochlear implant

Identity vs. role confusion

Teens work at refining a sense of self by testing roles & then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are

Critical periods

Children who have a late start on learning language follow the normal sequence, but at a faster pace

REM rebound

Tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

Sensorineural hearing loss

Most common form of hearing loss, caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerve; also called nerve deafness. Cannot be reversed, but hearing can be semi-restored with a cochlear implant

Identity vs. role confusion

Teens work at refining a sense of self by testing roles & then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are

Critical periods

Children who have a late start on learning language follow the normal sequence, but at a faster pace

Associative learning

Learning that certain events occur together; the events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response & its consequences (as in operant conditioning)

Cognitive maps

Mental representation of the layout of one’s environment; for example, after exploring a maze, rats act if they have learned a cognitive map of it

Discrimination

The ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that have not with paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Mirror Neurons

Neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation and empathy

Lazarus’s Cognitive Appraisal Theory

We appraise stressors as threatening or challenging

Eclectic Approach

An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses or integrates techniques from various forms of therapy