Apush periods 1 and 2 vocab

Autonomy

to have self-government, or independence. Native Americans and Africans sought to preserve autonomy in the face of contact with Europeans.

Subjugation

to take control of a person or group of people by force. Native Americans and Africans were subjugated by Europeans, often in the form of slavery.

Maize

corn, grown in present-day Mexico and spread to the Southwest portion of the present-day United States. Native Americans built societies around maize. Once it was introduced to Europe (Columbian Exchange), it helped lead to a drastic increase in population.

Columbian Exchange

Spread of goods, ideas, people, and diseases between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

Encomienda System

Spanish system of granting land to colonists in the New World. This system exploited Native Americans and resources. Eventually, Native American labor was replaced with African slave labor.

Pueblo Revolt

Native American revolt in the late 17th century in present-day New Mexico against the Spanish. The Spanish were expelled for over 10 years. Once they regained control, the Spanish began to take a more accommodating approach to Natives and allowed some religious accommodation.

The Enlightenment

Time period that focused on reason and knowledge and promoted new ideas about government (natural rights, consent of the governed, separation of powers). These ideas helped influence the American Revolution.

Mercantilism

Economic policy that focuses on making money for the mother country. This policy favors a positive balance of trade for the mother country and the accumulation of gold and silver.

Anglicization

Process of colonies becoming and acting British. This was influenced by print culture (newspapers and writings) and communities based on English models.

Characteristics of Spanish colonization

The three G’s

Characteristics of French and Dutch colonization

fewer inhabitants than other countries. The French and Dutch focused on trade (especially fur), alliances, and intermarriage with Native Americans.

Characteristics of English colonization

colonies were based on agriculture. English colonies saw a large number of men AND women inhabit the colonies. The English had relatively hostile relations with Native Americans.

Characteristics of New England colonies

founded by mostly Puritans, a group of like-minded individuals. These colonies tended to be close-knit and had longer life expectancies than other English colonies. The economy was a mix of farming and trade.

Characteristics of middle colonies

These colonies were the most diverse religiously and saw the most immigrants from Europe. The economy was based on grain.

Characteristics of southern colonies

The Chesapeake (Maryland and Virginia) relied on indentured servants initially, later replaced by African slaves. Staple crops like tobacco, rice, and sugar made the colonies prosperous

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