Biol 367 E1 review

Single-species biofilm in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients is formed by

*P. aeruginosa*

What is a microbe?

A living organism that requires a microscope to be seen

A protein extension that allows for the transfer of DNA between two bacteria is known as a

Type of pilus

Warts are a common skin condition caused by an organism that cannot be grown in pure culture on an agar petri dish and is small enough to pass through a tiny-pored filter. The causative agent of warts is a

virus

The ability of a microbe to cause a disease is known as

pathogenicity

Which tool was essential in advancing the germ theory in the 1800s?

Microscope

Both viruses and cells always contain

DNA or RNA

What kind of relationship exists between microbiota and their human hosts?

mutualistic

Which of the following is NOT considered a beneficial product of microorganisms?

causative agents of a disease

Which of these statements does NOT align with the germ theory of disease?

Disease is often a result of breathing smoke or chemically polluted air

During which phase of an infectious disease do disease symptoms begin to subside?

decline

Marburg viruses have fatality rates of \~50%. This means that this virus has high _____

virulence

The pathogenic microbe, *Shigella flexneri*, causes bacillary dysentery in healthy people. Based on this information, *Shigella flexneri* would be considered a

Primary pathogen

PERCENT MORTALITY: What is the LD50 for agent 2?

600

PERCENT MORTALITY: Which agent us LEAST virulent?

Agent 2

A mosquito can transmit a viral pathogen into humans. The mosquito is an example of a

vector

Which of the following is an example of a symptom?

Muscle Aches

Lily (who has lice) brings a comb to school for picture day. After Lily combs her hair, Leticia asks to borrow the comb. Leticia later is diagnosed with lice. In this example, the comb is a

Fomite

Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic drugs that function by inhibiting an important cellular structure or process of an organism that is causing an infection. Which of the following would not be affected by an antibiotic that target cellular metabolic enzymes of the pathogen?

herpes virus

Koch’s postulates are listed below. What is their correct order?

1) Same pathogen is isolated from newly diseased host

2) Pathogen isolated from diseased host

3) Pathogen grown in pure culture

4) Pathogen introduced into healthy host

2 - 3 - 4 - 1

An island nation normally has a low background level of cholera. After an earthquake, sanitation is disrupted and cholera cases spike to high levels on the island but not in other areas of the world. The spike in cholera cases is an example of a

**epi**demic disease

The key characteristic that differentiates a prokaryote from a eukaryote is the

absence of membrane-bound organelles

Which of the following is the most effective means of limiting a disease spread via a parenteral route?

Not sharing needles

Consider the tube to the right, where might we find facultative anaerobes growing?

All throughout the tube (from 300 microM O2 - 5 microM O2)

Adhesins are proteins on the surface of microbes. Adhesins help most with which fundamental pathogen attribute?

host attachment

A patient was diagnosed with strep throat and fully recovered. Sometime later, the patient discovered they had incurred heart damage. This is an example of a

sequelae

Among the population of people exposed to influenza virus, those who frequently wash their hands or use hand sanitizers are less likely to contract the flu. This is an example of which factor that plays a role in whether a host will contract an infectious disease?

Host hygiene

A microbe that is multicellular, and has cells 50 microM in size, and has its DNA contained in a nucleus would have to be a

eukaryote

Transmission of a pathogen from mother to fetus is an example of ____

direct

The organism *Caulobacter crescentus* produces one motile and one adherent daughter cell when it divides. What would be the likely consequence of a mutation that caused this organism (and all its progeny) to be unable to produce the protein flagellin?

As a result of this mutation, none of the offspring would be expected to be motile, which would stress the population because too many daughter cells would be competing for the same nutrients.

The cell wall is part of the

cell envelope

A ___________ bacteria is most likely to be a human pathogen

mesophilic