period 6

homestead act

Migrants r granted 160 acres of land as long as they farm on in for years however the land wasn’t very fertile

Pacific railroad act

Govt gave money to railroads to build transcontinental railroad which encouraged manifest destiny and displaced natives

Interstate commerce act

Overseas conduct of railroad industry, first federally regulated industry

Gold boom towns

Towns people migrated to in the west bc they were rich with gold

Dawes act

Govt forced natives onto small amount of land with unfavorable resources

Battle of Little Bighorn and wounded knee

Violence against natives due to new policies

Industrialization

Oil and steel companies rise, more economic opportunities for women African Americans and immigrants

Social Darwinism

Idea that smartest businessmen will naturally gain wealth, survival of the fittest

Gospel of wealth

The idea that wealthy men should give their wealth back to society

Vertical integration

Companies control all aspects of production

Horizontal integration

Merging companies into one causing them to lead market industry

Sherman anti trust act

Outlaws businesses ability to merge into monopolies

Lassiez faire

Government doesn’t regulate business unless it benefits big industries or monopolies

Populist party

New political party, mainly farmers, goal govt intervention of monopolies govt control railroads more inflation and wanted coinage of silver to increase inflation so they could pay debts back

Farmers alliance

Group of farmers motivated by harsh western working conditions and drop in prices

Granger laws

Economic reforms to help farmers

What cropping

Landowners rent land to usually African Americans and poor whites in exchange for a share of the crop and shelter, basically slavery

Please versus Ferguson

Made separate but equal constitutional

Jim Crow laws

Segregated south and harsh laws against African Americans

Literacy test

Required to vote along with poll taxes, African Americans poor and uneducated preventing most from voting

Bessemer process

Quick process to produce steel paved way for railroads and skyscrapers

Industrialized labor

Low wages, poor conditions long hours, huge wealth gap

Labor unions

Created to combat poor working conditions used political action and strikes

Pullman strike

Cut workers wages after trying to come to agreement he fired them all many workers went on strike refusing to pull trains with Pullman carts

Homestead strike

Carnegie steel company discharged union workers ending in violent confrontation

Immigrants

Huge rise in immigration, labor unions feared they would take their jobs

Chinese exclusion act

Prohibits immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years

Urbanization

Mass migration to urban areas, political corruption

The gilded age

Period from 1870s to 1890s characterized by rapid industrial technological and economic advances and period of mass wealth in America but also political corruption and social inequality