Latin Military Vocabulary

Hostis, -is (m)

enemy

Castra, -orum (n pl)

military camp

Legio, -onis (f)

legion

Civitas, -tatis (f)

state, town, tribe

Miles, -itis (m)

soldier

Copia, -ae (f)

troops

Oppidum, -i (n)

town

Exercitus, -us (m)

army

Cognosco, -ere, -novi, -notus

to learn, know

Fines, -ium (m pl)

territory, boundaries

Legatus, -i (m)

officer, envoy, ambassador

Consilium, -i (n)

plan, advice

Proelium, -i (n)

battle, combat

Eques, -itis (m)

cavalry, knight

Reliquus, -a, -um

the rest, remaining, survivors

Iter, -ineris (n)

journey, trip, march

iubeo, -ere, iussi, iussum

to order (+inf)

navis, -is (f)

boat, ship

Noster, -stra, -strum

our, our men (Romans)

Flumen, -minis (n)

river

populus, -i (m)

people, a population

Interficio, -ere, -feci, -fectus

to kill (do in)

Tantus, -a, -um

so much, so great

Alius, -a, -um

other, another

Arma, -orum (n pl)

equipment, weapons

Relinquo, -ere, -liqui, -lictus

to abandon, leave behind

Proficiscor, -fisci, -fectus

to set out

Constituo, -ere, -tui, -tutum

to decide, establish

Existimo, -are, -avi, -atus

to estimate, suppose

contendo, -ere, -ndi, -ntus

to strive, make effort, battle

munitio, -tionis (f)

defenses, fortifications

Obses, -sidis (m/f)

hostage

Virtus, -tutis (f)

courage, battle spirit

Cogo, -ere, coegi, coactus

to gather, collect; to force

Bellum gerere

to wage war

Auxilium, -i (n)

help, aid, support unit

Peto, -ere, -ivi, -itus

to seek, go after, attack

Animus, -i (m)

soul, spirit

Praesidium, -i (n)

guard, protection

Transeo, -ire, -ii, -itus

to go across, cross over

Patior, pati, passus

to suffer, endure

Coepit, coeperunt

to begin

Impero, -are, -avi, -atus

to command, order

Imperium, -i (n)

power, authority

Pervenio, ire, -veni, -ventus

to arrive, come to

Impedimentum, -i (n)

baggage, burden

Frumentum, -i (n)

grain, crops

Periculum, -i (n)

danger, risk

Utor, uti, usus (+abl)

to use

Conficio, -ere, -feci, -fectus

to complete, do entirely

Teneo, -ere, -ui, -tus

to hold, keep, occupy

Impetus, -us (m)

an attack

Discedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessus

to leave, go away

Murus, -i (m)

wall, ramparts

Manus, -us (f)

hand, small band of men

Hiberna, -orum (n pl)

winter camp

Princeps, -cipis (m)

head general

certius facere

to inform, report to

vi

by force, by violence

apud

near (esp battle names)

Accido, -ere, -cidi

to happen, turn out

Conicio, -ere, -ieci, -ectus

to throw (spears, slings)

facilis, -e

easy, doable

Appello, -are, -avi, -atus

to call, name

Demonstro, -are, -avi, -atus

to show, point out, describe

Convenio, -ire, -veni, -ventus

to meet together, assemble

Dimitto, -ere, -misi, -missus

to send away, dismiss

Fides, -ei (f)

loyalty, trustworthiness

inuria, -ae (f)

injury, insult

Pons, -ntis (m)

bridge

Sequor, -qui, -cutus

to follow

Paucus, -a, -um

a few, not many

Nullus, -a, -um

none

Audeo, -ere, ausus

to dare

Nuntio, -are, -avi, -atus

to report, announce

Vinco, -ere, vici, victus

to conquer, win

Animadverto, -ere, -verti, -versus

to notice, pay attention to

Ops, opis (f)

resources, wealth

Spolia, -ae (f)

war spoils, loot

Praemium, -i (n)

reward, prize, treasure

Centurio, -ionis (m)

centurion, century commander

Signifer, -feri (m)

standard carrier

Aquila, -ae (f)

eagle, eagle standard

Scutum, i (n)

shield

Gladius, -i (m)

sword (Roman)

Ensis, -is (m)

sword (non-Roman)

Galea, -ae (f)

helmet

Explorator, -toris (m)

scout, spy

Nonnullus, -a, -um

some, several

oppugno, -are, -avi, -atus

to attack, assault