SS: U.S Imperialism

Commodore Matthew Perry

Assigned to talk to Japan about trade. Used the method of gunboat diplomacy to win over the Japanese in order to ignite trade.

Gunboats/ Warships

C.M.P brought modern battleships and gunboats to Japan in the form of “Gunboat Diplomacy” and these warships were unlike anything the Japanese had ever seen which motivated them to modernize and open trade with the U.S

Treaty of Kanagawa:

The Japanese opened up to trade

Meiji Restoration:

Restoration of Japanese government to keep up with other countries(modernization) - Japan will now be able to compete with other imperial powers under emperor Meiji

Pearl Harbor

The surprise attack of the Japanese on Pearl Harbor, to ignite war between the U.S and Japan.

WWII: Japan

Japanese wanted to be a dominant imperial power so they joined WWII as an axis power, seeking new land.

Why was the U,S interested in having a relationship with the Japanese? Five D’S?

Dollars: new trade, spices, food, etc,

Duty: to develop the Japanese society

Destiney: to expand traded with that region.

When did the U.S establish trade relations with Japan?

March 1st, 1854 after C.M.P’s forceful tactics/requests

How did America establish trade relations with Japan?

Japan opened ports in Shimoda and Hakodate. C.M.P played a very significant role in this descision by the Japanese.

What was the legacy of the U.S’s actions? How did the contact with the U.S influence the Japanese society?

Japanese society desired modernization and to be a significant imperial power. japan became an extremely powerful country after the treaty of Kanagawa and the Meiji restoration because they had trade with any countries .

U.S imperialism on Japan Timeline:

1.) C.M.P and his gunboat diplomacy forces Japan to trade with the U.S

2.) Japan agree to sign the treaty of Kanagawa which allows the Japanese to openly trade with the U.S

3.) the Meiji restoration is the overthrowing of the old and ineffective JHapanese government. The new government is in favor of modernization, industrialization, and expansion. This all helps Japan to emerge as an imperial power.

3.) Pearl Harbor

4.) WWII

Russia:

Owned Alaska, however Alaska was expansive and hard to maintain/keep control over + settle.

William Seward:

U.S Secretary of State at the time. Was the only man who was interested in Alaska, pushed hard for the U.S to buy Alaska.

Seward’s Folly:

The U.S citizens Thought that Alaska was just a worthless piece of land with no use, just adding expense.

Folly:

Mistake

Alaska Gold rush:

The U.S citizens were quickly proven wrong as Alaska was fruitful with gold and natural reascources like oil, timber etc.

Which D’S of imperialism motivated the U.S to buy Alaska?

Dollars: Trade, trade expansion

Defense:more military bases+ getting Russia out of Wester Hemishpere

How did America acquire Alaska?

Through a lot of negotiation- gained Alaska for 7.2 million dollars

How did the Americans initially react to the acquisition of Alaska.

They had negative reaction. Thought that Alaska was just a piece of useless land.

Hawaii:

Archipelago-Chain of Islands

Missionaries:

People who go to a community to teach them about Christianity.

Who were the first people to come to Hawaii and settle it?

Missionaries.

Bayonet Constitution: 1887

The new constitution that the U.S sugar cane planters and marines made the king of Hawaii sign in order to get more representaion in the Hawaiian government.

Queen Liliuokalani

Powerful Queen of Hawaii who opposed the idea of The U.S being in control of Hawaii, but eventually gave in because she did not want Hawaiian bloodshed.

Hawaii:1893

Americans overthrow the Queen of Hawaii

Annexation of Hawaii: 1898

Dollars lead to conquest- American sugar cane planters expand to Hawaii. They forcibly overthrow the queen and take control of Hawaii. The queen voluntarily surrenders ( abdicated the throne) during imprisonment and cedes Hawaii to the U.S

U.S apology to Hawaii:

President Bill Clinton apologizes to Hawaii.

Why was the U.S interested in China?

Dollars:China had a lot of resources( porcelain, silk, and tea) that could benefit the U,S in trade.

Spheres of Influence in China: Countries that have one

European nations( Britain, France, Germany, Russia) and eventually Japan establishes one.

What is a sphere of influence?

Areas or regions of control by a foreign nation in which that nation has exclusive trading rights.

Open Door Policy: 1899

John Hay declares an open door policy of trade with China.

The Boxers:

A group of Chinese rebels who dislike foreigners, so they staged rebellion against all foreigners.

Defeat of the Boxers:

European nations with the help of the U.S defeat the boxers. China is weakened once again.

Everyone agrees to the Open door policy:1900

U.S announces that all countries agree to the Open Door Policy.

Expansionism:

The belief in expanding economically and expanding territory/influence, usually peacefully.

Isolationism:

The belief of staying in your own domestic territory/ staying away from foreign affairs. G.W was a big believer in this.

Diplomacy:

Negotiating deals with other countries, usually peacefully.

Imperialists:

People who think that a country should expand its territory/influence/power by any means necessary.

5 D’S of Imperialism:

1.) & 5.) trade, new resources, new economics. Places for ships to stop en route and refuel.

2.) defense: new places for military bases, new population(more army workers).

3.)Duty: to expand and civilize/modernize/Christianize new populations

4.) Destiney: to expand and spread ideals.

Gunboat diplomacy;

The use of military force, particularly naval in order to intimidate or influence a country into making a specific decision.

Bid Stick Diplomacy:

Negotiating peacefully while also threatening with military force. Championed by Theodore Roosevelt “ Speak softly and carry a big stick.”

Bible BELT OF THE PACIFIC;

Missionaries spread their faith to the islands in the pacific.

why was the U.S interested in Samoa:

Dollars: Pago Pago harbor(place forU.S ships to stop en route and re fuel)

Destiney: to expand and have a presence in the Pacific.

Duty:to civilization, modernize, and christianize, the people of Samoa.

U.S Nationals v. U.S citizens

Nationals: someone who was living in a newly acquired U.Sterritory.

Citizens: someone who has lived in the U.S and is a resident and has certain rights that apply to them. Born here or nationalized.

Theodore Roosevelt:

Leader of the Rough Riders.Vice president and the became president after McKinley was assassinated. He negotiated and helped the Panamanians with their revolution for the Panama Canal.

Roosevelt Corollary:

Spanish wanted to collect the Dominican Republics debt, the Roosevelt corollary extended the Monroe Doctrine and kept Spain and otherEuropean nations out of the Western Hemisphere, in order to stay as the most powerful imperial power.