213L FPP Clinicals

Respiratory acidosis

A condition where the pH of your blood is lower than normal, due to your lungs not being able to adequately remove all the CO2 in your body.

Mechanism behind respiratory acidosis

Breathing problems and conditions that affect the nerves or muscles in your chest.

Symptoms of respiratory acidosis

Anxiety, fatigue, memory loss, confusion, untreated death, seizures, and coma can occur.

Risk factors for respiratory acidosis

Smoking, obesity, scoliosis, pneumonia, sleep apnea.

Treatments for respiratory acidosis

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), mechanical ventilation, medication, and oxygen therapy.

Relation of respiratory acidosis to lab

The bicarbonate buffer directly relates to acidosis as its primary responsibility is to help bring back pH to normal.

Metabolic alkalosis

Occurs when your blood is too alkaline or too basic.

Mechanism behind metabolic alkalosis

Digestive or kidney issues.

Symptoms of metabolic alkalosis

Diarrhea, vomiting, tingling or numbness, muscle cramping.

Risk factors for metabolic alkalosis

Needing to get your stomach pumped, alcohol consumption, laxatives, diuretics, bulimia nervosa, hyperemesis gravidarum.

Treatments for metabolic alkalosis

Fluids through IV lines, and recovery time.

Relation of metabolic alkalosis to lab

Using body buffers to lower pH, and saline infusion to help balance the pH to neutral.

Metabolic acidosis

A condition where there is too much acid in the blood.

Mechanism behind metabolic acidosis

When acids build up in the body due to untreated diabetes, loss of bicarbonate, blood poisoning, and kidney conditions.

Symptoms of metabolic acidosis

Accelerated heart beat, confusion or dizziness, fatigue, loss of appetite, headache, rapid or long deep breathing, weakness, fruity breath.

Risk factors for metabolic acidosis

Blood sugar levels being outside normal ranges for extended periods, high alcohol consumption, dehydration.

Treatments for metabolic acidosis

IV fluids, sodium citrate if you have kidney disease/failure, IV sodium bicarbonate, insulin if diabetes-related, removing toxic substances from blood.

Relation of metabolic acidosis to lab

Uses the bicarbonate buffer system, where CO2 is a waste product and uses hydrogen ions to balance pH.

Respiratory alkalosis

Takes place when the blood pH is above 7.45.

Mechanism behind respiratory alkalosis

Rapid breathing causes too much carbon dioxide to be exhaled, which raises the pH of your blood.

Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis

Dizziness, confusion, lightheadedness, numbness or tingling, chest tightness, nausea, and fatigue.

Risk factors for respiratory alkalosis

Pregnancy, anxiety, respiratory conditions.

Treatments for respiratory alkalosis

Identify the cause, antibiotics for infections, breathing into a paper bag to slow breathing, and anti-anxiety medication in severe cases.

Relation of respiratory alkalosis to lab

Causes the pH in your blood to rise due to an increase of CO2 in the blood.

Osmolarity

the measure or total concentration of solutes in a solution (permeable + nonpermeable)

Tonicity

the effect of nonpermeable particles on the movement of water.