Innate Immunity

These flashcards cover key concepts related to innate immunity, including physical, chemical, and cellular defenses, as well as inflammation and fever.

The major layers of the skin include the and the .

Epidermis and dermis.

The __ apparatus helps wash the surface of the eye.

Lacrimal

Normal microbiota provide __ against potential pathogens by competing for resources.

Microbial antagonism

One chemical defense secreted by sweat glands that inhibits the growth of pathogens is __.

Salt

Cytokines play a crucial role in __ communication between cells.

Cell

The three classes of important cytokines include __, chemokines, and interferons.

Interleukins

Eosinophils are primarily responsible for attacking __.

Parasitic helminths

Phagocytosis includes stages like chemotaxis, adherence, __, maturation, killing, and elimination.

Ingestion

Acute inflammation is characterized by __, heat, swelling, and pain.

Redness

Fever is defined as a body temperature over __ °C.

37

__ is the process in which leukocytes squeeze between the cells of the capillary wall to reach sites of infection.

Diapedesis

The plasma contains __, which are proteins involved in the immune response and blood clotting.

Acute-phase proteins

• Most involved in adaptive immunity
• Natural killer lymphocytes
• Viral infections show increase in lymphocytes

Lymphocytes

• Leave the blood and mature into macrophages
• Phagocytic cells that devour foreign objects

Monocytes

• Chemotactic factors that recruit leukocytes to sites of infection,
tissue damage, & inflammation.
• Very specific in the subsets of leukocytes they recruit

Chemokines

Protein molecules released by host cells to nonspecifically inhibit
the spread of viral infections
• Cause many symptoms associated with viral infections
• Two types: types I (alpha and beta) & type II (gamma)

Interferons

same cell that releases the cytokine is
the recipient of the signal.

Autocrine function

release of cytokines from one cell to
other nearby cells

Paracrine function

occurs when cells release cytokines into
the bloodstream to be carried to target cells much farther
away

Endocrine function