UNIT 3 HISTORY TEST

Confucianism

A philosophical and ethical system created by Kong Fuzi that emphasizes moral values, social harmony, and respect for tradition.

Li

Treating all other human beings with respect and courtesy.

Xiao

Filial piety, meaning respect for parents and family elders.

Laozi

Potentially mythical figure known for creating Daoism and writing the Daodejing.

Daodejing

Book written by Laozi, also known as the Book of the Way and Virtue.

Zhuangzi

Book written by a philosopher named Zhuangzi, contributing to the philosophy of Daojia or the school of the Way.

Wuwei

Taking no action that is not in harmony with the natural flow of life.

Sui Dynasty (581-618)

Dynasty that unified China under one rule and is famous for creating the Grand Canal.

Grand Canal

Large canal constructed during the Sui Dynasty that connected Beijing to Hangzhou and facilitated trade between northern and southern China.

Tang Dynasty (618-907)

Dynasty known for its transportation system, equal field system, and bureaucracy of merit.

Tang Taizong

Second ruler of the Tang Dynasty who killed his brothers and forced his brother to abdicate.

Empress Wu

The only empress of China, known for her ruthlessness and reform for women's rights during her reign.

An Lushan Rebellion

Rebellion that severely weakened the Tang Dynasty from 755-763.

Uighurs

Turkish people who helped the Tang Dynasty against the An Lushan rebellion but later tried to take over the whole country.

Song Dynasty

Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 960 to 1279 CE, known for its flourishing arts, culture, and technological advancements.

Fast-ripening rice

Rice varieties bred or genetically modified to have a shortened growth cycle for quicker harvest.

"Flying cash"

Medieval Chinese credit system used during the Tang and Song Dynasties.

Neo-Confucianism

Combination of Confucian principles with elements of Daoist and Buddhist thought.

Silla Dynasty

Ancient Korean kingdom known for its unification of the Korean Peninsula and contributions to Korean culture.

Annam (Vietnam)

Region influenced by China in terms of agricultural methods, administrative techniques, and Confucian texts, but with distinctions in religious preferences and women's roles.

Nara

Period in Japan marked by the establishment of the capital in Heijō-kyō (Nara) and the flourishing of Buddhism.

Shintoism

Japanese indigenous religion emphasizing deities, rituals, and natural reverence practices.

Heian

Japanese period known for its artistic achievements, particularly in literature.

The Tale of Genji

The world's first novel and a significant work of Japanese literature.

Shogun

Social class in Feudal Japan that served as the actual rulers.

Kamakura

Shogunate period from 1185-1333 CE in Japan.

Muromachi

Shogunate period from 1336-1573 CE in Japan.

Samurai

Respected Japanese soldiers who belonged to the middle class in Feudal Japan.

Daoism

Way of living that emphasizes harmony with the natural order of the universe and less involvement of government.

Legalism

Strict adherence to rules and regulations, often without considering the spirit or intent behind them.

Kong Fuzi

The creator of Confucianism, who started preaching it around the 6th century BCE.

Junzi

A person whose humane conduct makes them a moral exemplar in Confucianism.

Ren

The kindness aspect of Confucianism.

Chinese Dynastic Cycle

1. Ruler claims Mandate of Heaven

2. Strong and Prosperous Society with Economic Success, Efficient government, Cultural achievements,

3. Dynasty Falls under weak emperors with corruption, weak army, unhappy peasants, and mandate of heaven lost

4. Decentralization and Chaos with invasions and uprisings

Buddhism

religion originating from Nepal that said the main reason of suffering on this world is desire

appeal of buddhism for scholars

intellectual questions about the metaphysical

appeal of buddhism for masses

possibility of better future lives; devotions may result in answered prayers