Resolution and instrumentation practice questions and transducer worksheet
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68 Terms
Which resolution depends on penetration depth, lines per frame, and the number of focuses?
Temporal
Which of the following reformats data into image form for processing, storage, and display?
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Digitizer
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Which of the following operator controls adjusts compression?
Dynamic Range
Utilizing additional focal points causes the temporal resolution to __________.
Degrade
The purpose of a bandpass filter is to ________.
eliminate frequencies outside the echo bandwidth
Increasing frame rate improves ________.
temporal resolution
Panoramic imaging expands the image ________.
beyond the normal limits of a transducer’s field of view
True/False: Pixel interpolation fills in missing pixels by averaging adjacent pixels.
True
Pixel interpolation, persistence, and panoramic imaging are examples of ________.
Preprocessing
Storage of the last several frames acquired before freezing is called ________.
Cine Loop
Axial resolution is the ________.
minimum separation necessary to resolve reflectors along the scan line
True/False: Axial resolution is often normally better than lateral resolution.
True
Lateral resolution is equal to _____________.
Beam Width
Which resolution relates more directly to transducers?
Detail
The three aspects to imaging resolution are contrast, temporal, and ________ resolution.
Detail
______resolution is determined by the spatial pulse length.
Range
The frequency with which frames are presented is called
The frame rate
When looking at the factors that impact frame rate, what is the one that the sonographer controls?
Depth
What is the unit of measure used to measure axial and lateral resolution
mm
What determines the contrast resolution?
Memory mostly however the display capabilities can also impact or display capabilities
A linear array transducer typically contains ________crystals
120-250
A phased array transducer usually has _______ crystals arranged in ___________
100-300; a straight line
A convex array transducer, also known as a curved array, contains __________ crystals arranged in a _______ shape
120-250; bowed
A linear array transducer creates a __________ shape
rectangular
A phased array transducer creates a_________ shape image
sector
A curved array transducer creates a _________ shape image
curved trapezoid
If a crystal in a linear array transducer is broken, the result is __________________
vertical dropout
If a crystal in a phased array transducer is damaged, the result is __________________________
vertical dropout and erratic steering + focusing
If a crystal in a convex array transducer is damaged, the result is _______________
vertical dropout
Phasing is the process of ________ the time of crystal activation to steer or focus the ultrasound beam
delaying
Phased array transducers use phasing to create ______ shape images by _________ the beam
sector; steering
the advantages of phasing include __________ and __________
focusing; steering
Elevational Resolution
Determined by the width of the sound beam in the z-axis (slice thickness)
Lateral Resolution
Ability to distinguish two structures that are side-by-side, perpendicular to the ultrasound beam
Temporal resolution
Related to frame rate; the ability to accurately capture moving structures over time
Arrays are operated in two ways, called ___________ and ___________.
sequencing; phasing
Arrays have additional beams resulting from their multi-element structure called ________.
grating lobes
Electric _______ applied to a transducer are converted to ultrasound.
voltages
Electronic scanning is performed by ________ transducers.
array
In a curved array, the pulses travel ________.
out in different directions
Linear and convex are types of ________ arrays.
assembly
Sequenced, phased, and vector are types of ________.
operations
With a linear phased array transducer, the elements measure the width of about ________.
one quarter of a wavelength
With phasing, the reception beam is ________ and dynamically ________.
steered; focused
___________ array is the combination of linear and phased array operations.
vector
You are using a 5 MHz, 40mm linear array transducer to image. what is the width of your image?
40mm
You have selected a wide-bandwidth transducer with multiple transmit frequencies to perform and exam. Which transmit frequency would give you the maximum penetration?
3.0 MHz
Which probe would provide the best axial resolution?
10 MHz linear
You are performing an exam with a wide-bandwidth transducer. What is the advantage to using this versus a narrow-band width transducer?
Improved AR
Which transducer would have the longest near zone length?
10 MHz, 6mm
10 MHz, 5mm
10 MHz, 4mm
10 MHz, 3mm
10 MHz, 6mm
The location where the sound beam reaches its narrowest diameter is the
Focal zone
For a linear array transducer consisting of a single row of elements, what method is most used to focus the beam in the elevational plane?
Mechanical focusing
You are using a vector transducer with a small footprint. What is the disadvantage to this transducer?
It can not focus in the elevational plane
Which of the following will not improve axial resolution?
Increasing frequency
Increasing damping material
Decreased pulse length
Increasing focusing
Increasing focusing
What is the main advantage of using a 1 1/2 of multirow array?
Narrow slice thickness
You are using a linear array with 4 transmit zones. How many pulses are required for each scan line to create an image?
Four
What would the benefit be of using a larger diameter transducer versus a smaller diameter one?
It can focus deeper
What is another name for axial resolution
Range
Dynamic apodization is employed to:
Reduce side lobes
Which statement is most accurate regarding resolution in a standard linear array transducer?
Elevational resolution is the worst measure
You suspect a bright spot on a B mode image is a calcification but there is no posterior shadowing. How can you optimize to best demonstrate the shadow?
Increase frequency
When an electrical signal is applied to a piezoelectric element, what happens to the element?
It expands and contracts
Resolution of 2 structures at different depths along the path of the sound beam is__________ resolution:
Axial
Which transducer has the same distance between the scan lines in both the near and far field?
Linear
When frequency decreases, __________ increases
wavelength, period, PD, SPL
When frequency decreases, __________ decreases
attenuation
When density decreases __________ increases
PS
When stiffness decreases ________, decreases
PS
Note 
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