Psychological Disorders, Treatment, Health, Stress, and Human Sexuality

Flashcards generated from lecture notes on psychological disorders, treatment, health, stress, and human sexuality.

The defining factor of psychological disorders is that they cause which of the following in an individual's life?

Significant impairment

Which of the following are the 4 Ds of abnormal behavior?

Dysfunction, deviance, distress, danger

Which of the following terms is defined as mistreatment, discrimination, or isolation due to being different?

Stigma

What does DSM stand for?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

Which APA is responsible for publishing the DSM-5?

American Psychiatric Association

The content of the DSM does which of the following?

Offers objective criteria to diagnose psychological disorders

As of 2022, which of the following is the latest version of the DSM and includes over 541 diagnoses?

DSM-5

When Dr. Webb meets a client for the first time, she asks questions about their current and past physical and emotional health, relationship status, and cultural beliefs. Which of the following can she develop using this information?

Case formulation

Juanes is 2 years old. His communication is severely impaired. He appears withdrawn and unresponsive to affection. He is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following?

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Which of the following would not fall into the neurodevelopmental disorders category in DSM-5?

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Alogia

Tamika feels elated invincible and feels like she has endless energy

Mania

Mia cycles between periods of intense happiness and deep depression

Bipolar disorder

Jordan cannot stay focused; he has lost interest in spending time with friends and family

Major depression

Which of the following are true about agoraphobia?

Women are more likely to be diagnosed with agoraphobia, agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder

What is the most common category of psychological disorders in the US?

Anxiety disorders

A specific phobia is an example of which of the following disorders?

Anxiety disorder

Which of the following is the appropriate analogy for obsession to compulsion?

Obsession is to compulsion as cognition is to behavior

Which of the following psychological disorders is correctly matched with a key feature?

Dissociative disorders- separation of the different aspects of identity

Which of the following is a feature of dissociative disorders?

Depersonalization and derealization

What is the most common eating disorder?

Binge eating disorder

Bryant is a 7-year-old boy who frequently wets his underpants when playing outside at recess. What seems to be the proper diagnosis for Bryant?

Enuresis, diurnal only

Which of the following is a sleep wake disorder that involves excessive daytime sleepiness due to the inability to maintain good sleep at night?

Narcolepsy

Katherine likes to go window shopping at the mall. While there, she often feels an urge to slip small items from the shelves into her pocket. She typically has plenty of money to buy these items and does not need them anyway. Which psychological disorder best describes her behavior?

Kleptomania

Which of these terms is a valid specifier of sexual dysfunction is DSM-5?

Lifelong

Which of the following is a disorder of the brain reward system and is characterized by repeatedly engaging in activities that bring about immediate pleasure?

Addiction

Aaron has been placing bets at the dog track for the past year. He used to make small wagers once or twice a month but has recently been pawning his electronic devices in order to keep betting. Which addictive disorder seems like an appropriate diagnosis for Aaron?

Gambling disorder

What is the biggest risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease?

Increasing age

A manipulative, callous individual with no apparent conscience might be classified with which disorder?

Antisocial personality disorder

Cluster A

Schizotypal personality disorder

Cluster B

Narcissistic personality disorder

Cluster C

Avoidant personality disorder

Dexter is really turned on by stiletto boots. In fact, he cannot become sexually aroused unless his partner dons a pair of these boots. For Dexter, these boots are what type of an object?

Fetishistic

Biological

Genetics

Psychological

Personality

Social

Culture

What is the major difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

A psychiatrist is a medical doctor and a psychologist is not

Psychiatric nurse practitioner

Biological

Counseling psychologist

Psychological

Clinical Social Worker

Social

Efficacy

Shows that an intervention works in a controlled setting

Effectiveness

Shows that an intervention works in a real world setting

Which of the following was the first antipsychotic drug developed?

Chlorpromazine

Olivia meets with her medication provider to understand the different possibilities for anti-depressant medications. Her provider explains that there are a number of categories of anti-depressants. How might the provider explain the difference between tricyclics and SSRIs? (Select all that apply)

Tricyclics inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, SSRIs have fewer side effects

Paul experiences severe anxiety, which makes it hard for him to engage in daily activities. His medication provider prescribes a benzodiazepine medication but cautions Paul to take the medication only as prescribed. What is the best reason for this?

There is potential for addiction is the medication is taken too often

What is the name of Freud’s method of accessing unconscious material?

Psychoanalysis

Which of the following names are associated with psychoanalysis?

Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Sigmund Freud

Zeke’s sits with his therapist, identifying with words any experience that arises into consciousness, including memories, fantasies, or dreams

Free association

Zeke’s therapist provides an analytical formulation of any verbal or nonverbal material regarding a client's case

Interpretation

Zeke and his therapist discuss fantasies, wishes, and impulses discovered as a result of what's uncovered during Zeke's sleep, in order to better understand Zeke's unconscious

Dream analysis

Roger recounts to his therapist the actual details of a dream

Manifest content

Sarah’s therapist helps to discover the symbolic nature discovered from the literal details of a dream

Latent content

Delores misses her last two appointments

Resistance

Delores becomes angry with her therapist when he asks her questions about her relationship with her father

Transference

Delores historically paid her therapy bills on time but lately she has been missing payments sporadically, with no legitimate reason

Resistance

Delores develops a crush on her therapist

Transference

Delores changes the subject when the therapist asks about how her eating habits have been lately

Resistance

Delores behaves in a fearful way toward her therapist when she answers difficult questions about her sex life

Transference

What is one difference between psychoanalytic and psychodynamic approaches to therapy?

Psychoanalytic approaches require a much longer duration in therapy

Which of the following are considered nonpharmacological interventions for the treatment of psychological disorders?

Electroconvulsive therapy, Deep brain stimulation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Identify some aspects that are linked with humanistic therapy

Focus upon the present and focus upon each person’s unique potential

Mood stabilizers are typically prescribed to treat which psychological disorder?

Bipolar disorder

Which of the following is an example of unconditional positive regard?

Carl’s grandmother doesn’t approve of Carl’s dating partner but loves him anyway

Which of the following is an accurate example of empathy?

Your therapist hasn't experienced your situation but really tries to emotionally understand your feelings about what happened

Which of the following is an example of congruence?

Your therapist responds genuinely to the information you share

Who is considered to be the founder of humanistic therapy?

Carl Rogers

Which of the following provides an example of the empty chair technique?

Zia places an imaginary version of her mother in a chair and shares her feelings of anger toward her

What is the basic premise of behavior therapy?

Behaviors can be changed

What is an example of a technique used in classical conditioning therapy?

Systematic desensitization

Place the following in order based on the process of systematic desensitization

Learn and implement relaxation skills, Develop a hierarchy of fears, Rate each fear with a SUDS rating, Conduct imaginal exposure on fears starting with the lowest to highest rated ones, When conducting exposure, encourage use of relaxation skills when anxiety increases

What is the reason for using relaxation skills when engaging in systematic desensitization?

To aid in reducing anxiety when engaging in an exposure activity

Which of the following medication side effects would be considered extrapyramidal symptoms?

Trembling hands, tongue thrusting, involuntary foot tapping

Arrange in order activities from the lowest to highest SUDS ratings using the example of a fear of bats

Looking at a drawing of a bat, watching a documentary about bats, being in the same room as a bat, holding a bat

Which of the following is an example of a paradoxical drug effect?

Felix’s anxiolytic medication makes him feel nervous

Which of the following is true about flooding?

Flooding involves being presented with the most intense source of fear

According to rational-emotive therapy, which of the following aspects about us influence our emotions and behaviors?

Thoughts and beliefs

Samaria dreams of becoming a pilot, as she progresses through her program, she discovers she is incredibly uncomfortable in the small cockpit spaces. At one point she had a panic attack in the middle of a simulation. In order to help her overcome her claustrophobia, her supervisor recommends her to the program's therapist who uses conditioning techniques to teach her to relax when she starts to feel uncomfortable and fearful. Which technique is this therapist using?

Systematic desensitization

Which of the following are considered third wave psychotherapies?

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical behavior therapy

Which of the following would be a beneficial use of cognitive therapy?

Sally wants to change self defeating thoughts contributing to depression

Barry believes that he's either perfect or is a failure

Dichotomous thinking

Ajit receives an A on his test but believes it is only because the instructor made the test easy

Discounting the positive

Ted thinks that because it’s snowing out, he will get into a serious car accident

Catastrophizing

Place in order the steps of rational emotive therapy

Adverse event, belief, consequence

Psychoanalysis

The unconscious is difficult to empirically research

Cognitive therapy

The focus on current thought processes does not allow exploration of past experiences

Humanistic therapy

The nondirective nature of therapy can be challenging for some clients

Negative views about the self

“I never do anything right”

Negative views about the world

“everybody is against me”

Negative views about the future

“I will never achieve my dreams”

Electroconvulsive therapy is currently most frequently used in which of the following cases?

Deep depression

Alcoholics anonymous is an example of which psychological approach?

Mutual help group

Which of the following interventions would a social worker most likely provide?

Information about an upcoming job fair, referral to a food bank, empathic listening

According to what you’ve learned in this chapter, which of the following stressful situations is the most likely to be perceived as a threat?

Adam is studying for a psychology and an english exam on the same day, and he feels unprepared for both of them

Which system elicits the fight or flight response, which is involved in preparing the body to fight or to flee in response to stress?

Sympathetic nervous system

Kenya was just in a car accident and in response, her adrenal glands have just released hormones known as the “stress hormones. ” Based on this description, what are these hormones?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which stressors tend to have the most negative impact on health?

Chronic and uncontrollable stressors

When prey animals are completely overcome by a predator they can become immobile and outwardly unresponsive. This is an example of which type of stress response?

Freeze response

What is the most commonly used biological marker of the stress response?

Cortisol

Although psychologists broadly agree that the experience of trauma is a risk factor for autoimmune disorders, these statistics exclude the experience of sexual trauma.

False

Luci is shopping for groceries. When she inserts her card to pay for the items, the card is declined and she felt frustrated. When she returns to her car, Luci calls her grandmother and who listens carefully to her tell the story about what happened and empathized with how she's feeling. Luci's grandmother is providing

Emotional support