Chapter 5 - Colonial “American” Society

Legumes

________ (alfalfa, clover, beans, peas) fix nitrogen into soil + helped restore it.

Proprietors

The owner of a business, or a holder of property

Coastal Plain

Flat, low-lying land adjacent to a sea coast

Slave ships

________ had very bad conditions + high death rate among slaves.

African slave

Trading in the ________ market resulted in traffic across Atlantic Ocean.

New England merchants

________ built ships with lumber.

1700

Settlements mostly concentrated in middle colonies + New England

1614

Southern colonies committed to cash crops (tobacco, sugar, indigo, rice)

1632

Provided licenses to transport African slaves

1717

Migrated to + welcomed into American colonies

1737

Publishes book during 1st Great Awakening

Exclusionary

Only British ships + no foreign competition

Geographical Mobility

The measure of how populations and goods move over time

Social Mobility

Movement of individuals, families, or groups through a system of social hierarchy or stratification

Demographics

Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it

Capital

Assets available for use in the production of further assets

Diversified Economy

Shifting an economy away from a single income source toward multiple sources from a growing range of sectors

Cash-Crop Economy

Agricultural crops that are planted for the purpose of selling on the market or for export to make profit

Triangular Trade

Shipping goods from Britain to West Africa to be exchanged for slaves, these slaves being shipped to the West Indies and exchanged for sugar, rum, and other commodities which were in turn shipped back to Britain

Soil Depletion

When the components which contribute to fertility are removed and not replaced, and the conditions which support soil's fertility are not maintained

Franchise

The right to vote

Anglican Church

The primary state church in England, where the concepts of church and state are linked

High Church vs. Low Church

Leaders of a High Church congregation place a “high” emphasis on ceremony, vestments, and sacraments. Leaders of a Low Church congregation place a “low” emphasis on such things and follow a freer worship style.

Acts of Toleration

Act of Parliament granting freedom of worship to Nonconformists (i.e., dissenting Protestants such as Baptists and Congregationalists)

Half-Way Covenant

Allowed the children of baptized but unconverted church members to be baptized and thus become church members and have political rights

Scots-Irish

American descendants of Ulster Protestants who emigrated from Ulster in northern Ireland to America

First Great Awakening

A series of Christian revivals that swept Britain and its thirteen North American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s

Jonathan Edwards

Wrote numerous sermons, books, and pamphlets that helped start the religious revival known as the Great Awakening

George Whitefield

An Anglican cleric and evangelist who was one of the founders of Methodism and the evangelical movement