apush period 8 #1

Central Intelligence Agency

CIA, established in 1947 to gather intelligence and conduct secret military operations abroad

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

to stimulate freer trade among the participants (western nations), creating an enormous market for Amercan goods and investment

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

(NATO) United States, Canada, and ten western European natuons pledging multual defense against any future soviet attack. Which pledged a attack on one is a attack on all.

NSC-68

1950 manifesto described the Cold War as an epic struggle between "the idea of freedom" and the "idea of slavery under the grim oligarchy of the Kremlin".

Walter Lippmann

One of the nation's most prominent journalists, objected to turning foreign policy into an "ideological crusade."

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

intergrated body of principles, a combination of traditional civil and political liberties with the social conditons of freedom that enshrines the rights and freedoms of all human beings. This became debated during the cold war

Fair Deal

President Trumans program that focused on improving the social safety net and raising the standard of living of ordinary Americans.

Taft-Hartley Act

Which sought to reserve some of the gains made by organized labor in the past decade

To Secure These Rights

one of the most devasstating indictments ever published of racial inequality in America

Dixiecrats

Southern Delegates that were part of the The States' Rights Democratic Party who believed in segregation and anti civil rights.

McCarran-Walter Act

passed in 1952, made it possible to revoke the citizenship and deport an American born abroad if he or she refused to testify about "subsersive" (overthrowing) activity.

Hollywood Ten

Ten ''unfriendly witnesses'' who refused to answer questions at hearings questioning communist influence in Hollywood. They were charged with contempt of Congress and served jail terms of six months to a year.

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

a working class Jewish communist couple from New York City that were convicted of espionage and later executed in court

Dennis v. US

the Supreme Court upheld the jailing of Communist Party leaders even though the charges concerned there beliefs, not any actions they had taken

Levittown

more than 10k houses were assembled quickly in the suburbs from prefabricated parts and priced well within reach of most Americans, built by William and Alfred Levitt during 1950s

Urban Renewal

cities demolished poor neighborhoods in city centers that occupied potentially valuable real estate

Blockbusting

a tactic of real estate brokers who circulated exggerated warnings of an impending influx of non

Milton Friedman

a young economist who provided intellectual reforment to conservative entrepreneuers, he also published Captialism and Freedom.

Ideas Have Consequences

a rambling philosophical treastise that suprisingly became the most influential statement of this new traditionalism by Richard Weaver

Checkers Speech

an emotional nationally telivised thirty minute adress by Nixon that rescued his political career from accusations he denied.

Modern Republicanism

President Eisenhowers domestic agenda that aimed to sever his party's identification in the minds of many Americans with Herbert Hoover, the Great Depression, and indifference to the economic conditions of ordinary citizens.

Sputnik

The first artifical earth satellite launched by the Soviets in 1957

National Defense Education Act

offered direct federal funding to higher education in America

Massive Retaliation

declared that any Soviet attack on an American ally would be countered by a Nuclear assault on the Soviet Union itself.

Eisenhower Doctrine

Pledged the United States to defend Middle Eastern governments threatened by communism or Arab nationalism.

The Lonely Crowd

the decades (1950's) most influential work of social analysis (examination of a social problem)

On the Road

written in the early 1950's by Jack Kerouac and published in 1957, recounted in a seemingly spontaneous rush of sights, sounds, and images its main character's aimless wandering across the American landscape

Mendez v. Westminster

A victory in court by the LULAC, when a federal court ordered the schools of Orange County desegrated.

Brown v. Topeka Board of Education

the momentous case that outlawed school segregation