All AP World Terms

What is Dar-al-Islam (House of Islam)?

Countries where Muslims can freely practice their Religion.

What is the Filial Piety (Confucianism)?

respect shown by children for their parents and elders

What was the Bhakti Movement in Hinduism?

An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity

What was the Jizya tax?

A tax paid by non-muslims in Dar al-Islam countries

The Bhakti Movement was seen as a:

movement to change specific aspects of Hinduism

Feudalism is:

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Feifs are:

pieces of land given to knights under feudalism

Serfdom is?

A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. This was common in early Medeival Europe as well as in Russia until the mid 19th century.

Foot Binding was…

Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household.

Foot Binding represented what?

The beauty of the upper class, as women of the upper class did not need to use their feet to work.

Another name for bound feet:

Lotus feet

Greco-Roman Philosophy were:

Ideas that emphasized logic, empirical observation, and nature of political power and hierarchy.

The Silk Road was:

An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay.

What time was the Silk road around?

200 BCE - 1400 CE

The Indian Ocean Trade did what:

connected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion.

Diasporic communities are what?

merchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas

What did Diasporic communities create?

Communities of meshed together cultures.

Inca Roads were:

25,000 miles of roads connecting the Inca Empire

The Inca roads existed because:

The Inca, just like most empires, needed a way to quickly get to areas they controlled.

The Inca roads went from

Present-day Colombia to Chile

Marco Polo was a:

(1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period.

What is the Bubonic Plague also known as?

Black Death

When did the Bubonic Plague spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe?

In the mid-14th century

What percentage of the European population was killed by the Bubonic Plague?

About 1/3

What was the initial carrier of the Bubonic Plague?

Infected fleas

How did fleas travel and spread the Bubonic Plague?

On rats and on people

Where did the Bubonic Plague first originate?

From the Mongols

Through which country did the Bubonic Plague spread to Europe?

Italy

What were some ways the Bubonic Plague spread?

Trade, conquest, and uncleanliness

Mercantilism

An economic system (Europe in the 18th century) that was used to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests and imports from colonies.

Mercantilism empires are thought to be

the birth of global capitalism.

Ivan (IV) The Terrible

First absolute tsar of Russia who crushed the boyars, giving him a nasty reputation

Boyars

Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts

Russia's first tsar; married to the first Anastasia Romanov.

Ivan (IV) The Terrible

Ming Dynasty

Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.

Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)

Minority Manchu rule over China that incorporated new territories, experienced substantial population growth, and sustained significant economic growth.

Kangxi Emperor

Ruled in the Qing Dynasty for 61 years, a period of stability and prosperity.

The Qing Dynasty is noted for its:

Isolationism

Isolationism

A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations

Manchus

The Federation of Northeast Asian (from Manchuria) peoples who founded the Qing Empire.

Who were blamed for giving Europe too much control of China?

The Manchus

How were the Manchus viewed by most Chinese citizens?

As outsiders

The Manchus called their dynasty Qing, which meant

pure

Who founded the Ottoman Empire?

Osman

Where was the Ottoman Empire based after the fall of the Byzantine Empire?

Istanbul (formerly Constantinople)

What years did the Ottoman Empire exist?

1453-1922

In which regions did the Ottoman Empire encompass lands?

Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe

Leader of the Ottomans

sultan

Protestant Reformation (1517)

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

Who was Martin Luther?

A German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Church.

What did Martin Luther write in 1517?

95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

New Atlantic trade systems were made because of European empires in the Americas. This system was mainly from Africa to the Americas and mainly took people out of Africa.

The three stops of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

Americas, west Africa, and Europe.

The amount of Slaves transported in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

10-12 Million

United Fruit Company (UFCO)

took possession of almost all the lands in Guatemala and undervalued them; later paid much less than what land was worth when Arbenz planned to nationalize the land.

The United Fruit Company was also called

A Banana Republic

cash crop

a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower.

Joint Stock Companies

businesses formed by groups of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses

Joint Stock Companies are responsible for

The boom/flourishing of global trade and the growth of Capitalism.

What was the British Virginia Company?

A company involved in the colonization of North America.

What type of company was the British Virginia Company?

One of the most famous examples of a Joint Stock Company.

What year did the Pueblo Rebellion occur?

1680

Who led the rebellion against the Spanish in New Mexico?

Pueblo Native Americans

What was the outcome of the Pueblo Rebellion?

The Pueblo Native Americans drove out the Spanish.

How long after the Pueblo Rebellion were the Spanish able to take control again?

12 years

Montesquieu

French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)

What political revolution began with the Declaration of Independence?

American Revolution

In what year did the Declaration of Independence occur?

1776

What did American colonists seek to balance during the American Revolution?

The power between government and the people

What rights did American colonists aim to protect in a democracy during the American Revolution?

The rights of citizens

The main reason the American Revolution happened.

Taxation without Representation and the quartering act.

Taxation without representation

the idea that it is unfair to tax someone without giving them a voice in government

Quartering Act of 1765

Act forcing colonists to house and supply British forces in the colonies; created more resentment; seen as assault on liberties.

What year did the French Revolution begin?

1789

What was the French Revolution?

A period of radical social and political change throughout Europe.

What event triggered the French Revolution?

An uprising against the king of France.

What group was behind the French Revolution?

The Third Estate (Now called the National Assembly)

Vindication of the Rights of Women

Written by Mary Wollstonecraft in 1792, this tract was one of the earliest expressions of feminist consciousness.

Social Darwinism

The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.

Spheres of influence

Areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China)

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

1. Scientific socialist who coauthored "The Communist Manifesto"

2. Believed that the history of class conflict is best understood through the dialectical process of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis

3. Contended that a class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat would lead "to the dictatorship of the proletariat," which in turn would be a transitional phase leading to a classless society

Who created Marxism?

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

What is convict labor?

A system of penal labor practiced in the Southern United States.

When did convict labor begin in the Southern United States?

After the emancipation of slaves at the end of the American Civil War in 1865.

Around what year did convict labor officially end in Alabama?

1928

Until approximately what year was convict labor practiced in the Southern United States?

Around 1880

What year was the Chinese Exclusion Act enacted?

1882

What did the Chinese Exclusion Act deny?

Any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country

Which groups were allowed to immigrate under the Chinese Exclusion Act?

Students and merchants

What economic crisis began with the stock market crash in 1929?

Great Depression

During which decade did the Great Depression continue?

The 1930s

Fascism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

Who created the Fascist Party?

Benito Mussolini

When was the Fascist Party created?

During World War I

What type of nationalism did the Fascist Party emphasize?

Aggressive nationalism

What was the role of the Fascist Party in Italy?

It was Mussolini's instrument for the creation of a dictatorship

What years did Mussolini's dictatorship in Italy last?

1922 to 1943

Treaty of Versailles

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans