Optical isomerism part 1

what is optical isomerism ?

Optical isomerism is a type of steroisomerism.

Optical isomers have a chiral carbon atom.

What is a stereoisomers ?

Stereoisomers have the same structural formula, but have their atoms arranged differently in space.

what can optical isomers or enantiomers arranged to ?

It can arrange to groups in 2 different ways around the chiral carbon atoms so that 2 different molecules are made.

what can enantiomers turn to and not turn to ?

enantiomers are mirror image and no matter which way you turn them they cannot be superimposed.

what can no optical isomers turn to and not turn to ?

molecules are or can be superimposed , they are achiral.

what does the term racemate / racemic mixture mean ?

it means that its a 50 / 50 of the enantiomers.

is propan - 2 ol optically active ? Draw the displayed formula

no its not Ch3 - CH ( OH ) - CH3

Is 2 - chlorobutane optically active. Draw the displayed formula + isomers

yes it is CH3 - CH ( CI ) - CH2 - CH3

is 1 - chlorobutane optically active ? Draw the displayed formula + isomers

no its not CH2 ( CI ) - CH2 - CH2 -CH3

is 3 - methyl hexane optically active ? Draw the displayed formula + isomers

yes it is. CH3 - CH2 - CH ( CH3 ) - CH2 - CH2 - CH3

is butanone optically active ? Draw a displayed formula + isomers

no its not CH3 - CH2 - CO - CH3

is 2 - methlybutanoic acid optically active ? Draw a displayed formula + isomers

yes it is CH3 - CH2 - CH ( CH3 ) - CO - CH3

Is butan - 2 ol optically active ? Draw a displayed formula + isomers

yes it is CH3 - CH2 - CH ( OH ) - CH3

Is 1 - Chloro - 3 methylpentane optically active ? Draw a displayed formula + isomers

Yes it is CH3 - CH2 - CH ( CH3 ) - CH2 - CH2 CI

Is propan - 1 ol optically active ? Draw a displayed formula + isomers

no its not , CH3 - CH ( OH ) -CH3

What are the properties of enantiomers ?

Have identical chemical and physical properties except

Their effect on plane polarised light & their reaction with other chiral molecules

what radiation is light ?

Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation

the wave vibration are perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave.

Optical isomers rotate the plane polarised light.

Chiral molecules often react same or differently with other chiral molecules ?

Differently

Most and many natural molecules are ?

Chiral ( 4 different groups ) attached to a carbon + are affected by optical isomers

what is an example of chiral molecule ?

Amino acidS ( proteins ) are chiral , along with many other molecules.

In nature only 1 optical imposers occurs eg : all natural amino acid rotate polarised light to the left

Is most drugs optically active ?

Yes, with only 1 enantiomer having the beneficial effect.

However some drugs, the other enantiomers can he harmful.