🧬 Lesson 13 – The Molecule of Life (DNA Structure) PPT - The Molecule of Life F25
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26 Terms
What is DNA short for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides.
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base.
Name the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA.
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C).
What pairs with Adenine (A) according to base pairing rules?
Thymine (T).
How many hydrogen bonds form between A and T?
2 hydrogen bonds.
How many hydrogen bonds form between G and C?
3 hydrogen bonds.
What rule states that the amount of A equals T and the amount of G equals C?
Chargaff’s Rule.
What do the paired bases form in the structure of DNA?
The 'steps' or rungs of the DNA ladder.
What type of bonds hold the base pairs together in DNA?
Hydrogen bonds.
Why are hydrogen bonds described as weak?
They allow DNA strands to separate easily during replication.
What forms the rails of the DNA ladder?
Alternating sugars and phosphates.
What type of bonds link each sugar to a phosphate group in DNA?
Phosphodiester bonds.
Which carbon of the deoxyribose sugar connects to the base?
The 1′ carbon.
In which direction do the two strands of DNA run?
One strand runs 5′ → 3′ and the other runs 3′ → 5′.
Who discovered the anti-parallel orientation of DNA?
Francis Crick.
What is the normal form of DNA in cells?
Right-handed double helix.
What is the characteristic twist of the DNA helix?
It twists clockwise, making it right-handed DNA.
What creates uneven spacing on the sides of the DNA strand?
The way the bases attach to the sugar (glycosidic bonds).
What are major and minor grooves in DNA?
Regions formed by uneven spacing of the bases that are important for protein binding.
Which groove is wider and easier for proteins to access?
The major groove.
What chemical property causes the backbone of DNA to carry a negative charge?
The presence of phosphate groups.
What does the term 'right-handed DNA' mean?
DNA that twists clockwise.
What is unique about left-handed DNA?
It twists counterclockwise and is rare.
Why is the orientation of DNA strands important for base pairing?
It allows the bases to line up properly.
What does the sugar-phosphate backbone contribute to DNA's structure?
It provides support and stability through phosphodiester bonds.
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