PR 1 2ND QUARTER EXAM REVIEW

Research Paradigm

Research Paradigm

A cluster of beliefs and dictates which for scientists in a particular discipline influence what should be studied, how research should be done, and how results should be interpreted

Research

A systematic investigation that requires data to be collected, analyzed, and interpreted

Inductive Reasoning

aims to infer theoretical concepts and patterns from observed data; also known as Theory Building research.

Deductive reasoning

aims to test concepts and patterns known from theory using new empirical data; also known as Theory Testing research

Quantitative Research

aims to understand the world by generalizability using controlled, value-neutral processes

Qualitative Research

aims to understand the world by generalizability using controlled, value-neutral processes

Basic Research

aims to test existing or generate new theories to advance knowledge or understanding

Applied Research

aims to use the acquired knowledge in order to contribute directly to the understanding or resolution of practical issues; often identified when the research contributes to the solution of specific practical problems.

Empirical Data

information gathered through experience and direct data collection

Nonempirical Data

roots from introspection, vicarious experiences, and people’s analysis of events

Scientific Knowledge

a generalized body of laws and theories that explains a phenomenon acquired using the scientific method

Exploratory Research

often conducted in new areas of inquiry where it intends to scope out the magnitude of a particular phenomenon, problem, or behavior, to generate new ideas, and also to test the feasibility of undertaking an extensive study regarding the phenomenon; seeks to investigate and under-researched aspect of life

Explanatory Research

provides explanations of an observed phenomenon by answering the ‘why’ and ‘how’ questions;

Descriptive research

provides explanations of an observed phenomenon by answering the ‘why’ and ‘how’ questions;

Research Design

a strategic plan of how to go about answering the research questions

Methodology

This is the rationale for the research design and is broader in terms of concepts on which it touches. It justifies one’s choice of data collection, analysis method, and procedures.

Methodology

acts as the justification and rationale for choosing the type of data collection and analysis the researcher will conduct.

Methods

specific set of tools that a researcher uses throughout the study.

Scientifc Method

a standardized set of techniques for building scientific knowledge

Ethnography

Focuses on studying shared practices and belief systems (i.e., culture) of a group of people in their natural context over a prolonged period

Case Study

Allows in-depth investigation of complex issues within a specific context based on a small geographical area or a very limited number of individuals as the subjects of the study

Grounded Theory

A set of inductive data collection and analytic methods to construct theories grounded in the data themselves

Narrative Analysis

Focuses on narratives (storytelling) as the source of data.

Researchers

key instrument in collecting data in qualitative research

interviews, focus group discussions,

give some example of ways to collect data in qualitative research

Beneficence, Veracity or Justice, Voluntary, Disclosure, Consent.

Six ethical principles of qualitative research

Feasibility, Ethics, Novelty, Relevance

Characteristics of Good Qualitative Problem