Unit 3: Populations

postindustrial stage

The _________________ includes low birth and death rates.

pre-reproductive

A rapidly growing population will have a higher proportion of ____________________ people compared to older people.

generalist

A ____________ species can tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions with a variety of food sources and habitats.

specialist

A _____________ species has a narrow range of environmental conditions, eats only one or very few types of food, and lives in only one type of habitat.

K-selected

_______________ species tend to be large, reproduce later, have long life spans, and are prone to extinction.

r-selected

_____________ species tend to be small, mature early, have many offspring, have short life spans, and are more likely to survive environmental changes.

Type I

A _____________ survivorship curve includes survival until later in life.

Type II

A ___________ survivorship curve shows a constant state of mortality regardless of age.

Type III

A ___________ survivorship curve includes high mortality early in life and high survivability for those that do survive.

overshoot, dieback

When carrying capacity is met, ____________ occurs leading to a ____________ of the population due to competition and disease.

biotic potential

Exponential growth of a population occurs when there are no limiting factors and the ______________ can be reached.

Population change

______________________ is based on (birth + immigration) - (death + emigration).

total fertility rate

The ________________________ is based on age at birth of first child, education, access to family planning, religion, and governmental policies.

exponential, linear

The Malthusian Theory states that population growth is __________________ while food production is ___________ and unable to meet demand.

doubling time.

The rule of 70 states that dividing the number 70 by the percentage population growth rates approximates the population's ______________________.

Demographic transition

______________________ refers to the transition from high to lower birth and death rates in a country as it moves from pre-industrial to industrial.

preindustrial stage

The _______________________ includes high birth and death rates and slow population growth.

transitional stage

The _____________________ includes a low death rate with still high birth rates and a fast growing population.

industrial stage

The _____________________ includes a decline in birth rates and slowing population growth.

Replacement level fertility

______________________________ is the number of children a couple must have to replace themselves.

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