motor system

Kidneys

Organs crucial for homeostasis that expel waste and regulate bodily fluids.

Urinalysis

A lab test that analyzes urine to determine health conditions based on the concentration of substances.

Diabetes Mellitus

A condition where the body cannot properly filter out sugar due to pancreatic issues.

Diabetes Insipidus

A condition caused by insufficient antidiuretic hormone leading to excessive urination and thirst.

Nephritis

Inflammation of the nephrons, indicative of various kidney diseases.

Kidney Stones

Buildup of minerals that form painful obstructions in the kidney.

Dialysis

A medical procedure that filters blood through an artificial device when kidneys fail to function.

Motor System

The system responsible for body movement, involving muscles and neural signals.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle found in hollow organs, responsible for movement within the digestive tract.

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary muscle found in the heart, a unique combination of skeletal and smooth muscle.

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary muscle attached to bones, allowing conscious movement and control.

Myofibrils

Specialized organelles in muscle cells composed of actin and myosin that facilitate contraction.

Actin

Thin filaments in muscle cells that help in contraction through interactions with myosin.

Myosin

Thicker filaments in muscle cells that bind to actin and pull to produce muscle contraction.

Sarcomere

The basic functional unit of muscle fibers, defined by Z lines, where contraction occurs.

Antagonistic Muscles

Muscle pairs like biceps and triceps that work in opposition to facilitate movement.

Slow Twitch Fibers

Muscle fibers suited for endurance activities; they rely on aerobic energy.

Fast Twitch Fibers

Muscle fibers suited for quick bursts of speed; they utilize anaerobic energy.

Z Line

The boundary of a sarcomere, anchoring actin filaments and defining muscle contraction segments.

Calcium Ions (Ca²⁺)

Essential for triggering muscle contraction by activating myosin filaments.

Sliding Filament Theory

The mechanism explaining muscle contraction through the sliding motion of actin and myosin.