TSFA Level 1 Practice

vase life

length of useful life of cut floral materials after being received by the costumer

#20

gauge wire that's best suited to support roses, carnations, and chrysanthemums

orange

which is not a primary color

bundling

firmly wrapping or tying similar materials together to form a large unit

retail florist

a person who sells goods and services relating to flowers

ikebana

Japanese style of floral arrangements

#3

ribbon size most appropriate for corsage bow

abstract

a design that contains more than one focal point

pillowing

positioning of flower clusters at the base of an arrangement forming rounded hills

bent neck in flowers

the inability of water to enter the stem causes

#28

gauge of wire appropriate for corsages

photosynthesis

converting nutrients, water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight into food

formal-linear design

materials placed in groups that emphasize forms and lines

parallel design

strengthens the element of line which moves the eye through the arrangement

form flowers

flowers used to create a focal point with unusual and distinctive shapes

proportion

the relationship between flowers, foliage, and container

respiration

stored food reserves are converted into useful energy

hydrating solution

causes flowers to rapidly take up water to prevent dehydration

mass flowers

single stem with large rounded heads

skeleton flowers

used to establish the outline of the arrangement

balance

the design is stable and self-supported

line flowers

used as primary flowers to establish the skeleton outline

interpretive design

a combination of both man made and natural materials

transpiration

plant losing water through the stomata

secondary

two primary colors mixed together into equal parts

focal point

location within the design that attracts the most attention

cascade design

a design which consists of several layers of materials

floral preservative

mixture of ingredients when added to water extends the vase life by lowering pH

processing flowers

growers, wholesalers, and retail florist must process their flowers

pave

a uniform area with little or no variation in depth

stair step manner

cut materials in a parallel design to create depth

terracing and layering

similar materials placed horizontally on top of each other

light intensity

light received on the plant surface

filler

floral material that has an "airy" look

dry pack

storage of shipment flowers out of the water

processing

cutting flower stems properly and providing proper treatment

mechanics

supplies, methods, and materials used to place and hold flowers and foliage in an arrangement

framing

branches of flowers are used around the perimeter of an arrangement

waterfall

provides a color and focal point near the rim of the container

customer education

florists must educate their customers so they can enjoy their flowers to a full extent

conditioning

when cut flowers and foliages have been tested to extend their freshness

piercing method

wire is inserted through the calyx and bent downward along the stem

asymmetrical design

triangular pattern with a strong "L-Line"

symmetrical design

equilateral triangular design

round design

doesn't require a focal point

hairpin method

wiring technique which the wire is shaped into a hairpin

hook method

wiring technique where wire is inserted through the flower and a small hook is formed

intermediate

equal amounts of primary and an adjacent secondary color

filler flower

type of flower used to complete a design

wedding flowers

brides bouquet, bridesmaids bouquets, corsages, boutonnieres, altar flowers, and pew flowers

bacterial growth

removing foliage from the stem that is below the water level

foliages

purpose is to hide the mechanics

line element

the visual path the eye follows

color spectrum

made up of 12 major colors

form

forms the outline of the arrangement

intensity

brightness or darkness of a hue

tone

when grey is added to the hue

shade

the addition of black forms

value

describes the lightness or darkness of a hue

tint

adding white to the color

re-cutting

helps prevent blockage

refrigerating of fresh product, 28-40 degrees F

low temperature and high humidity

ficus benjamina

weeping fig

aglaonema

Chinese evergreen

spathiphyllum

peace lily

aspidistra elatior

cast iron plant

dracaena fragans

corn plant

ficus elastica

rubber plant

dieffenbachia

dumb cane

weeping fig

Chinese evergreen

peace lily

cast iron plant

corn plant

rubber plant

dumb cane

plumosa

baby's breath

huckleberry

cattleya orchid

flat fern

leather leaf

rose

carnation

gladiolas

bird of paradise