global music exam 1

gamelan, new spain, north america, african-american diaspora, ottoman empire, louis XIV court, china

What is the “golden nugget” Appiah refers to in the middle of the essay?

Culture of Greece and Rome as a civilisational inheritance

Which of the options below most closely corresponds to Appiah's idea about how culture might be handed down. Refer to the paragraph that begins, "But the golden-nugget story was bound to be beset by difficulties..."

More than anything, the label or name is passed down.

Three reasons Appiah is skeptical of “Western culture”

The "Classical heritage" and values Western society aren't something people are naturally born into--even in "the West"; Both critics and proponents of "Western culture" assume there are essential aspects of the idea. These essentialisms do not exist in reality; "Western culture" is a relatively new idea

What is the illusion of “organicism” Appiah refers to about 2/3 through the essay

the false idea that the varied experiences of human culture are like parts of a unified organic system

Where did gamelan music originate?

The island of Java (Indonesia)

Contemporary gamelan performance is typically in a _____ setting.

Western

What is tanjidor?

A genre developed by Indonesian musicians who had to learn both European and Indonesian

The relationship between the Dutch East India Company and Indonesia can best be characterized as:

extractive colonialism

extractive colonialism

colonists invade an area home to an indigenous people and exploit resources, people (slaves) and goods from the land without a permanent settlement.

settler colonialism

colonists invade an area home to an indigenous people and permanently settle there, displacing indigenous people and conducting an “ethnic cleansing” of the area.

According to Kwame Anthony Appiah, “western” culture…

has no real roots in people who live in “the West”

The Mexica/Aztec people were colonized by

Spanish people

Missionaries in New Spain in the first century after colonization…

wrote songs in Nahua; found it difficult to get indigenous people to accept their worship style; made new Christian rituals based on the kinds of rituals familiar to the Mexica

The charango…

is a small Andean stringed instrument; has strings similar to guitar; is often played by indigenous people in the Andean region; can be considered an example of indigenized music-culture.

Lining out…

is a singing of Psalm texts from the Christian Bible; is associated with Calvinism/Puritanism; is when the leader sings one line and the group sings it back to the reader

Lining out is an example of singing in a style associated with…

Puritans in New England

Indian meter

a term English missionaries used to refer to massachusett and Nipmuck singing of Psalms in their language

One potential problem with the “Huron Carol”

it presents an undifferentiated sterotype of Native American cultures

Blackface minstrelsy… (4)

was used by working-class whites to lampoon “high-class” people; relied on racist sterotypes and stock characters; is best understood as simply an expression of white racism; featured white performers using make-up to make them look black

the cakewalk… (3)

included characteristically syncopated accompaniment; arose out of Black mocking imitations of fancy white dances; was performed by Whites who thought they were imitating a Black dance

Typical instruments of a minstrel troupe ca. 1840s

banjo, fiddle, bones, tambourine

The first minstrel band

Virginia Minstrels

Does the tambourine appear to have roots in the parts of West and Sub-Saharan Africa that ensalved people were taken from?

NO

In London at the turn of the 19th century, Black musicians were associated with the tambourine in military bands because

English people wanted to use them to evoke Ottoman (Turkish) jannisary band music

Turrisi suggests the tambourine made it to America…

with British military bands

Giddens argues Blackface minstrelsy… (2)

was modeled on traditions of the Black string band; is much more recent than we may realize

According to Giddens, blackface performers

relied on racist and false imagery of Black life to sell their performances

Elements common in early Afro-diasporic musics in North America (4)

ostinato, the banjo, syncopation, heterogeneous sound ideal

The reaction to the Stono Rebellion shapes Afro-diasporic music in North America by

making the use of drums less common in genres like the ring shout

Rhiannon Giddens argues that blackface minstrelsy

has music that is worth understanding and performing today

What are the two scale systems associated with Gamelan music?

Slendro & pelog

Name the two drums used in Mexica/Aztec music and their spiritual significance

Huehuetl - skin drum, Teponaztli - slit drum, both embodiments of divine beings who came from the Court of the Sun (gods)

Bernardino de Sahagun’s prayer book

written by Sahagun for Mexica people; Christian texts in Nahuatl and featuring elements of Mexica religion

Innu Shaking Tent ceremony

a spiritual ceremony in which a (usually female) shaman will shake the tent they are in and sing and cry to summon spirits and communicate with the gods

Possible sources for early African-American music (3)

written accounts (diaries, letters, notes, complaints); oral histories; find people who preserve the tradition

Define a ring shout.

worship/praise ritual practiced by enslaved African-Americans, often out of view of slave owners; dancing in a circle and singing repetitive refrains, induced a trance-like state, sometimes Christian themes, sometimes blended or secular

Define choreosonic.

music in which physical participation (clapping, shuffling, stomping) is integral to the sound

Kwame Anthony Appiah writes that there is no such thing as ______.

western civilisation

Which king of France helped to form the origins of ballet?

Louis XIV

What were the heritages of Manuel de Sumaya?

Spanish and Indigenous (Aztec)

Which European composer’s music was requested by Emperor Kangxi in the early 1700s?

Arcangelo Corelli

On the “first canadian christmas carol”:

Who wrote it?

What was it called?

What language was it written in?

Which country did the melody come from?

father Jean de Broboeuf

Huron Carol

Huron

France

Where did gamelan music originate?

Java, Indonesia

The origins of the banjo are associated with what culture?

West/Sub-Saharan African

Manuel de Sumaya was a composer in which '“new” European land?

New Spain

Which of the following musical cultures was NOT typically associated with court music:

Chinese

Ottoman

Early African-American

French

Indonesian

Pre-colonial Mexica/Aztec

Early African-American

The rare early notated examples of African diasporic music in Hans Sloane’s Voyage to the Islands came primarily from which island?

Jamaica

What is the name of the musical style that blends gamelan and European styles?

Tanjidor

Tragedie en Musique is closely related to what other musical genre?

opera

What is the name for the melodic system in Ottoman court music?

Maqam

What instrument is associated with scholar-officials in China during the Ming and Qing dynasties?

Qin

What was the name of the first printed book in North America?

Bay Psalm Book