Anatomy 2 Endocrine System EXAM ONE

What is a Gap Junction

Pores in a cell memebrane that allow signals, nutriens and electrolights to move from cell to cell

What is a Neurotransmitters

A Chemical signal allowing neurons to comuatacate to each other throughout the body

what is Paracrines

A chemical signal that is relased into tissues FLUID and affects nearby cells

What are Hormones

Chemical Signals that travel in the BLOODSTREAM stimuate responces in outher tissues and organs

What is the Endocrine system

a group of gland, tissues, and cells that secreate hormones

what is endocrinology

the study of the endocrine system

what dose endocrine glands mean

a organ that sources hormones

what is a exocrine gland

“EXTERNAL SECRETIONS” have DUCTS that carry secreations to epithelial surface

what is a endrocrine gland

“INTERNAL SECREATION” have NO DUCTS

do exocrine glands have Extracellular effects or intracellular effects

Extracellular- food digestion

do Endocrine glands have Extracellular effects or intracellular effects

intracellular- altering target cell metabolism

Dose nervous of endocrine system reacts slowly

Endocrine

dose nervous or endocrine Adaptation to long-term stimuli slowly

Endocrine

dose endocrine or nervous response persists

Endocrine

dose endocrine or nervous response declines

nervous

what is the scope of the Nervous system and what dose it effect

targeted and specific, one organ

what is the scope of the Endocrine system and what dose it effect

general, widespread effects (many organs)

What is the Hypothalamaus

shaped like a flatted funnel and forms floor and walls of third brain ventrical

what dose the hypothalamus do

regulates primative functions

which ventraical is the hypothalamus in the brain

3

how do hypothalamus and pituitary gland work together

hypothalamus sends the signals for the pituitary gland to relaces the hormones

how any parts dose the pituitary gland have

2 parts, Anterior and Posterior

what dose the anterior pituitary do

Produces and releases its own hormones

what dose postierior pituitary do

neural tissue that stores and releases hormones

where are Hypothalamic neurons located and what do they do

located in poster pituitary and secrete hormones that are stored in

neurohypophysis until released into blood

what is the hypophyseal portal system and where is it located

located in anterior pituitary system and links to the hypothamus by blood vesselss

how many releasing hormones regulate the anterior pituitary

six

list all six of the hypothalamus produced releasing hormones regulate the anterior pituitary

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Somatostatin

what dose Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

stimulates release

of gonadotropins (FSH, LH) from anterior pituitary

what dose Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) do

stimulates release of

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin) from anterior

pituitary

what dose Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) do

stimulates release of

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, corticotropin) from anterior

pituitary

what dose Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) do

inhibits release of prolactin

from anterior pituitary

what dose Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) do

stimulates

release of growth hormone (GH) from anterior pituitary

what dose Somatostatin do

inhibits release of GH and TSH from anterior

pituitary

how many Hypothalamic Hormones are there and waht are they

2

Oxytocin (OT

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

what dose Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do

stimulates water retention in the kidneys

what dose Oxytocin do

Stimulates labor contractions

Anterior Pituitary Hormones are called what

Stimulatory Hormones

list all six Anterior Pituitary Stimulatory Hormones

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or thyrotropin

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), or corticotropin

Prolactin (PRL)

Growth hormone (GH), or somatotropin

what dose Growth hormone (GH), or somatotropin do

stimulates mitosis and cellular

differentiation

what dose Prolactin (PRL do

after birth, stimulates mammary glands to synthesize milk

what do adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), or corticotropin do

stimulates adrenal

cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

what dose Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or thyrotropin do

stimulates secretion of

thyroid hormone (TH) from thyroid gland

what dose Luteinizing hormone (LH) do

stimulates: ovulation, corpus luteum secretion of

progesterone, and testosterone secretion by testes

what dose Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do

stimulates: secretion of ovarian sex

hormones, development of ovarian follicles, and sperm production

What dose luteinizing Hormone do

Stimulates ovulation by secreats progesterone and testosterone

What dose thyroid-stimulateing hormone do

Stimulates the secreation of the thyroid hormon

What is the name for both Follicule-stimulating and luteinizing hormone called

Gonadotropins

What dose the Adrenocorticotropic hormone do

stimulates the adrenal cortex that secreates glucocorticoids (helps with the immune system)

What dose Groth Hormone do

Stimulates mitosis and cellular differentiation

How many hormons are produced by the Hypothalamus

2

Antidiuretic hormone

Oxytocin

What is Antidiuretic hormone do

Increasses water retention in the kidneys which reduces urine volume and prevents dehydration

what dose oxytocin do

has a variety of reproductive functions, during sex, during labor, and milk production

What controls the posterior pituitary

Neuroendocrine reflexs

what hormone has a wide spreed effects on the body mostly on cartilage, fat, musle and bone

growth Hormone

what are the three things that Growth hormone uses

Protein, Lipids, carbohydrates

What is the Pineal gland do

Synthesizes melatonin

Where is the Pineal gland found

posterior end of corpus callosum

Where is thymus f

WHat hormones dose the thymus screaeate

Thymopoietin, thymosin,

What is the Thymus the site of maturation for

T cells

Where is thyroid gland found

above thymus on trachea

What is the name of the bridge connecting the glands of the thyroid

isthmus

What are the two types of cells found in the thyroid gland

Follicular cells

parafollicular cells

What do Follicular cells secrete

Thyroid hormone

what do parafollicular cells secrete C cells, called Calcitonin

Calcitonin

Where are the parathyroid glands found

embedded in posterior surface of the thyroid gland 4 of them

What dose the parathyroid glands secreate and what dose it do

parathyroid hormone, regulats blood calcium and

Where is the Adrenal glands found

Sits on kidneys

What are the names of the two parts of the adrenal glands

Adrenal Medulla, and adrenal cortex

What dose Adrenal medualla do

inner core, relaces stress hormons, trigers fight of flight releases epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

What dose adrenal Cortex do

outher layer, produces cortisol helps body cope with stress

What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex

Zona glomerulosa

Zona

Zona