Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Primary productivity
the rate at which the sun's energy is converted into organic compounds via photosynthesis (kcal/m2/year)
Gross primary productivity
(GGP) Total photosynthesis rate for ALL autotrophs
Net primary productivity
GPP - energy lost due to cellular respiration
Formula
NPP (net primary productivity) EQUALS GPP (gross primary productivity) MINUS R (respiration)
Ecosystem with highest NPP
swamps, marshes, tropical rainforests
Ecosystems with lowest NPP
deserts, tundra, open ocean
Competition
detrimental to both species
Competition Interspecies Example:
b/w 1 species and another species (bunch of animals fighting for a resource)
Competition Intraspecies Example:
1 species fighting for each other (2 birds competing for a male)
Predation
beneficial to one, detrimental to other (parasitism)
Mutualism
beneficial to both species (timone and pumba)
Commensalism
One species benefits, but the other is unaffected (barnacles)
Producers
(autotrophs); organisms that produce food for themselves and other organisms (photosynthesis)
Examples of producers
Plants, bacteria, phytoplankton
Consumers
(heterotrophs); incapable photosynthesis & must get energy from eating other consumers
Herbivores (primary)
Eat producers
Carnivores (secondary)
consumers that eat other consumers
Carnivores (tertiary)
consumers that eat secondary consumers
Savannah
Animals: zebras, cheetahs, lions, giraffes, rhinos, gazelles
Unique features: transitional b/w forest and grassland, moderate rainfall/droughts, migratory birds
Precipitation and climatographs: small/seasonal precipitation with overall high temperature
Primary productivity: relatively high (diverse vegetation/dry seasons)
Deciduous forest
Animals: blackbird, hawk, deer, bear, wolf, squirrel
Unique features: distinct seasons, trees losing leaves, rugged terrain
Precipitation and climatographs: precipitation is consistently med-high while temperature fluxuates b/w seasons
Primary productivity: high (concentration of plants)
Freshwater wetland
Animals: snake, frog, hornet, heron, fish, shrimp
Unique features: water tolerant plants, algae, amphibians
Precipitation and climatographs: precipitation med-high, with temperatures based on seasons
Primary productivity: high (shallow water and high nutrient levels)
Mangrove forest
Animals: crocodile, crab, blackbird, large fish, otter, turtle
Unique features: cannot be replanted, salt tolerant trees, protect threatened species
Precipitation and climatographs: heavy to light rainfall, changes drastically, temperatures are hot that dip in the summer
Primary productivity: high, (species richness and marine+terrestrial ecosystems)
Coral reef
Animals: lobster, fish, sharks, snakes, turtles
Unique features: supports 1/4th of aquatic life, highest biodiversity, fluorescent
Precipitation and climatographs: high rainfall to very low, low for most months of the year, high temperatures that dip in the summer
Primary productivity: unusually high (efficient regeneration)
Rivers/streams
Animals: herring, bass, catfish, snail, trout, sunfish
Unique features: species diversity increases towards center, shape is formed by movement of water over time, can be many colors (green, blue, black, etc)
Precipitation and climatographs: rainfall is high, lower in the summer, temperature changes with the seasons
Primary productivity: low (composed of fast-moving water)
Lakes/ponds
Animals: minnow, shrimp, salmon, seal, crab, otter
Unique features: has different identifiable zones, slow/standing water, freshwater
Precipitation and climatographs: heavy rainfall that dips in summer, temperature changes with seasons
Primary productivity: ranges in each zone, littoral (high), profundal (low), limnetic (medium)
Estuaries
Animals: flounder, crab, shrimp, snail, rays, heron
Unique features: saltwater and freshwater, protected from ocean, many different forms
Precipitation and climatographs: rainfall increasing in the summer and low during other seasons, while temperature is relatively low but changes with seasons
Primary productivity: very high (rich in organic matter and nutrients)
Temperate rainforest
Animals: cougar, owl, bobcat, deer, vole, elk
Unique features: lower and less dense, distinct seasons, evergreen trees
Precipitation and climatographs: very high rainfall that heavily dips in the summer, with very high temperature all year
Primary productivity: high (high amt of plants, stable temp, fertile)
Tropical rainforest
Animals: jaguar, monkey, toucan, frog, snake, hawk
Unique features: nutrient poor soil, high biodiversity, dense vegetation
Precipitation and climatographs: very heavy rainfall, and consistent high temperatures
Primary productivity: high (sufficient water, and lots of vegetation)
Intertidal zone
Animals: gul, crab, barnacle, fish, worm, clownfish
Unique features: environmental extremes, tidal effect, different types of habitats
Precipitation and climatographs: rainfall dips in the summer, with relatively consistent temperatures throughout the year
Primary productivity: relatively low (different tides, but higher than some)
Open ocean
Animals: shark, tuna, squid, marlin, sea lions, sunfish
Unique features: covers most amount of planet, multiple layers, oxygen producing
Precipitation and climatographs: rainfall increases summer-fall and is really low winter-spring, temperature changes with seasons
Primary productivity: low (size is disproportionate to amt of plantlife)
Tundra
Animals: polar bear, fox, reindeer, rabbit, owl, lemming
Unique features: permafrost (permanently frozen ground), short growing seasons, dry
Precipitation and climatographs: little to no rainfall all year, temperatures are consistently freezing but do change with seasons
Primary productivity: low (cold and poor soil nutrients)
Chaparral
Animals: puma, vulture, skunk, jackrabbit, snake, lizards
Unique features: dry soil, short hardy shrubs, frequent fires
Precipitation and climatographs: rainfall strongly decreases in the summer months but is pretty low, temperature is always high
Primary productivity: low (hot and dry)
Desert
Animals: coyote, mouse, mountain lion, bobcat, ringtail, raven
Unique features: dry/arid, significant temperature change with day/night, sandy with heavy wind
Precipitation and climatographs: little to no rainfall all year, high temperatures all year
Primary productivity: low (absence of water)
Taiga
Animals: bear, wolf, rabbit, owl, squirrel, eagle
Unique features: coniferous trees, 2 seasons (summer/winter), slow decomposition
Precipitation and climatographs: rainfall is relatively low all year, while temperature changes with seasons
Primary productivity: relatively above average (low nutrient soil but lots of trees)
Temperate grasslands
Animals: wolf, sparrow, prairie dog, snake, rabbit, hawk
Unique features: very few trees, lots of grazing, wildfires
Precipitation and climatographs: rainfall increases early summer but is low, temperature is median that changes with seasons
Primary productivity: low (absent of trees and large shrubs)
Hydrologic cycle (water)
movement of water around the biosphere among reservoir sources & sinks
Primary sinks/releases of hydrologic cycle
Sinks: oceans and other bodies of water
Releases: transpiration from plants/soil
human effect on hydrologic cycle
deforestation
withdrawal of fresh water
add nutrients/pollutants
Carbon cycle
movement of carbon around the biosphere through 7 processes (photosynthesis, respiration, exchange, sedimentation, burial, extraction, combustion)
Primary sinks/releases of carbon cycle
Sinks: forests, oceans
Releases: burning of fossil fuels, respiration
Human effect on carbon cycle
combustion of CO2
tree harvesting
deforestation
Nitrogen cycle
Continuous movement of nitrogen on, above, & below surafce of the Earth using processes that move nitrogen in its various forms
Primary sinks/releases of nitrogen cycle
Sinks: atmosphere, bacteria in soil, plant roots
Releases: combustion of fossil fuels and use of nitrogen containing fertilizers
Human effect on nitrogen cycle
Adding large amts of NOx when burning fuel
Release lots of nitrogen from soil during slash and burn
Harvesting nitrogen-rich crops
Phosphorus cycle
movement of phosphorus of around the biosphere among reservoir sources and sinks (land and water)
Primary sinks/releases of phosphorus cycle
Sinks: rocks and sediments
Releases: rain and weathering
Human effect on phosphorus cycle
use of fertilizers increases phosphorus in waterways
as algae die, decomposition consumes large amt of oxygen (aquatic animals can’t survive)