Psych Unit 1

structuralism

classifying and understanding elements of the mind's structure

behavior genetics

the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Mary Calkins

First Woman President APA

natural selection

the principle in which nature selects traits that would best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a distinct environment

positive psychology

the scientific study of human flourishing with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths that help individuals and communities thrive

industrial-organizational (I/O)

application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

psychology

the science/study of behavior and mental processes

psychodynamic

how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

Charles Darwin

Natural Selection

Sigmund Freud

Psychodynamic

introspection

a self-reflection of one's mind and its psychological processes

cognitive

how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

Jean Piaget

Child Cognitive Development

nature-nurture issue

controversy about whether human traits are inherited or developed through our experiences

educational

studying influences on teaching and learning

G. Stanley Hall

First President APA

humanistic

how we achieve personal growth

clinical

Studies assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

testing effect

an enhanced memory after retrieving information rather than simply rereading information

William James

Functionalism

Margaret Washburn

First Woman PHD

biological continued

how our genes and environment influence our individual differences

social-cultural

how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

Wilhelm Wundt

Structuralism/First Lab

empiricism

the idea that knowledge comes from experience, and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge

behavioral

how we learn observable responses

counseling

Assists people with problems in living and achieving greater well-being

Ivan Pavlov

Classical Conditioning

John B. Watson and B.F Skinner

Behaviorism

SQ3R

a study method using these five steps, Survey Question, Read, Retrieve, Reread

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Humanism

biological

how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

human factors

how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe

evolutionary

how the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes

psychiatry

medicine dealing with psychological disorders

Dorothea Dix

Reformer

developmental

studying our changing abilities from womb to tomb

personality

investigating our persistent traits

social

exploring how we view and affect one another

community

studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

functionalism

how mental and behavioral processes function and how they are useful to an organism in adapting to the environment

psychoanalysis

the ways our unconscious and childhood experiences affect our behavior

behaviorism

studies behavior without reference to mental proceses