Distribution and Uses of Water on Earth

Water Distribution

Water is spread across Earth in various forms.

Fresh Water

Only 2.5% of Earth's water is fresh.

Saltwater

Over 96.5% of Earth's water is saline.

Potable Water

Unpolluted water suitable for drinking.

Groundwater

Water located beneath Earth's surface.

Glaciers and Ice Caps

68.7% of fresh water is stored here.

Surface Water

Water found in rivers, lakes, and swamps.

Domestic Water Use

Water used for household activities.

Agricultural Water Use

Water primarily used for irrigation and livestock.

Industrial Water Use

22% of water is utilized in industrial processes.

In-Stream Water Use

Water use without diverting from its source.

Water Pollution

Contamination of water bodies by pollutants.

Point Source Pollution

Pollution from identifiable sources like factories.

Nonpoint Source Pollution

Pollution from diffuse sources like runoff.

Transboundary Pollution

Pollution that moves across borders or regions.

Oxygen-Demanding Wastes

Biodegradable wastes that deplete oxygen in water.

Infectious Agents

Bacteria and viruses causing waterborne diseases.

Water Usage in Households

Includes drinking, bathing, and cooking activities.

Irrigation

Water application to crops for agriculture.

Water Demand

Increases with population and economic development.

Water Conservation

Efforts to save and manage water resources.

Water Quality

Determined by chemical, physical, and biological properties.

Hydropower Generation

Using water flow to generate electricity.

Irrigation Methods

Includes surface, trickle, and spray irrigation.

Waterborne Diseases

Illnesses caused by contaminated water.

Water Reservoirs

Natural or artificial lakes for water storage.

Water Pollution Sources

Includes industrial, agricultural, and municipal activities.

Water Scarcity

Limited availability of fresh water resources.