AP Human Geography Vocab Unit 2

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Carrying Capacity

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32 Terms

1

Carrying Capacity

the population size that a government can sustain indefinitely

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2

Overpopulation

the population exceeds the carrying capacity

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3

Demography

the scientific study of populations

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4

Census

a complete count of a population

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5

Ecumene

the portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlements

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6

Arithmetic Density

number of people per a unit of land

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7

Physiological Density

the number of people supported by a unit of arable land

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8

Agricultural Land

number of people per unit of farmable land

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9

National Increase Rate (NIR)

the percentage by which a population grows a year

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10

Doubling Time

the number of years it will take to double a population

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11

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

the total number of live births

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12

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

the number of births every year

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13

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

the number of infant deaths compared to number of live births

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14

Crude Death Rates (CDR)

the number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 living people

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15

Demographic Transition

a process of change in a society’s population from high CBR and CDR and low CRB and CDR

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16

Stage 1

very high CBR and CDR and a low NIR

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17

Stage 2

very high CBR and NIR and low CDR

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18

Industrial Revolution

a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

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19

Medical Revolution

medical technology invented in Europe and North America to help poorer countries

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20

Stage 3

rapidly declining CBR, declining CDR, neutral NIR

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21

Sage 4

very low CBR, low CDR, neutral or negative NIR

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22

Zero Population Growth

a decline of TFR to a point where NIR is Zero

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23

Sex Ratio

the number of males per 100 females

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24

Potential/Elderly Support Ratio

the number of working age people to the number of elderly people

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25

Population Pyramid

a bar graph that displays the percentage of a place’s population for each age and gender

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26

Dependency Ratio

the number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years

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27

Epidemiology

the branch of medical science that is concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a particular time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected place

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28

Epidemiological Transition

the process of change in the distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition

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29

Epidemic

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time

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30

Pandemic

an epidemic that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very large portion of the population at the same time

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31

Pronatalist Policies

a government policy that supports higher birth rates

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32

Antinatalist Policies

a government policy that attempts to achieve a lower birth rate

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