chapter 13 bio: photosynthesis

calvin cycle

light independent reactions

photorespiration

Instead of taking in CO2 the plant takes in o2 as a substitute this requires the plant to cycle through and give the o2 a carbon which expends much more energy than typically

Autotroph

makes it own food

heterotroph

uses other things as its food (doesn't make its own)

photosynthesis

To create energy for the plant by converting light energy co2 and water into carbon dioxide into oxygen and sugars

high energy electron carriers

Role of NAD(H), NADP(H), and FAD(H)

photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

carbon dioxide, water

_______ is reduced in photosynthesis and ______ is oxidized

role of pigments

Photosynthetic pigments are the molecules responsible for absorbing electromagnetic radiation, transferring the energy of the absorbed photons to the reaction center

thylakoid membrane

location of pigments

light energy

reactants of the light dependent reactions

g3p

products of the light independent reactions

stroma

location of the calvin cycle

18 atp 12 nadph 6 carbons

reactants of the calvin cycle

G3P

products of the calvin cycle

green light

What colors of electromagnetic spectrum are reflected

the splitting of water

photosystem II source of electrons

electron transport chain

photosystem I source of electrons

oxygen and h ions

photosytem II products

atp nadph

photosystem I products

C3

do not have features to combat photorespiration

C4

do minimize photorespiration

cam

plants open their stomata to capture carbon dioxide at night which is chemically stored to be used during the day and turned into glucose

Z scheme

electrons are removed from water (to the left) and then donated to the lower (non‐excited) oxidized form

CO2 , O2

Photosynthesis intakes ____ and photorespiration intakes ____which leads to major energy use

Glucose

what is used by plants for energy and to make other substances like cellulose and starch

chlorophyll

what structure functions by trapping the solar energy and is used for the synthesis of food in all green plants

photosynthesis importance

Produces oxygen which is needed for all of the animals on the planets

granum

stack of thylakoids

grana

multiple stacks of thylakoids

stomata

where carbon dioxide enters a plant