Intelligence: Definitions, Theories, and Measurements

These flashcards cover key concepts relating to intelligence, its measurement, different theories, and the implications of cognitive abilities.

Intelligence

One's cognitive capability; the ability to learn, understand, and apply knowledge.

General Factor (g)

A theory proposed by Spearman suggesting a single general intelligence factor that underlies all cognitive abilities.

Binet's Contribution

Studied individual differences in intelligence and developed methods for measuring intelligence in children, leading to the creation of the IQ test.

IQ (Intelligence Quotient)

A score that ranks an individual's intelligence against others, with 100 as the average score.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

An intelligence test that measures a wide range of intellectual abilities, focusing on specific skills.

Flynn Effect

The observed rise in IQ scores over time, attributed to factors such as improved nutrition and educational exposure.

Fluid Intelligence

The ability to think on your feet and solve new problems without relying on previously acquired knowledge.

Crystallized Intelligence

The ability to use knowledge, experience, and skills to solve problems.

Gardner's Multiple Intelligences

A theory that proposes eight distinct types of intelligence, including logical-mathematical and verbal-linguistic.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to understand and manage one's own emotions, as well as the emotions of others.

Growth Mindset

The belief that one's abilities can improve over time with effort and practice.

Stereotype Threat

The fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's group, which can negatively affect performance.

Trilogy of Mind

A framework consisting of intellect, affect (interests), and will (mastery) as determinants of individual performance.

Satisfaction vs. Satisfactoriness

Satisfaction relates to the alignment of interests with rewards; satisfactoriness relates to the correspondence between abilities and ability requirements.

Ability Threshold

A level of ability beyond which increases in ability may not significantly affect learning or performance.

Cognitive Ability Tests

Assessments designed to measure various types of cognitive skills and abilities.

RIASEC Model

Classifies interests into six categories: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional.