Week 2: Human Cells: Structure and Function

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the structure and function of human cells, cell theory, types of cell division, and their relevance in healthcare.

What is the smallest living unit that carries out all life functions in the human body?

The cell.

How many cells does the human body contain?

Approximately 37 trillion cells.

What are the key components all cells share?

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA.

Define Cytology.

The study of cell structure, function, and behavior.

What is one key principle of Cell Theory?

All living things are made of cells.

What does the plasma membrane do?

It acts as a protective barrier, regulating what enters and exits the cell.

What is the term for the diffusion of water through a membrane?

Osmosis.

What is endocytosis?

A process where cells engulf large substances using vesicles.

What structure in the cell contains DNA?

The nucleus.

What is the main function of mitochondria?

To produce ATP, the energy molecule used by cells.

What happens during interphase of the cell cycle?

Cells grow larger, copy DNA, and build extra organelles and proteins.

What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Benign tumors are non-cancerous and localized, while malignant tumors are cancerous and invade surrounding tissues.

What are the consequences of uncontrolled cell division?

It can lead to tumors and cancer.

What is the purpose of the Golgi complex?

To process and package proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum.

What type of transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Active transport.

What type of cellular transport takes place when cells take in fluids?

Pinocytosis.

What role do lysosomes play in the cell?

They break down waste, old cell parts, and foreign pathogens.

How can knowledge of cell structure aid in healthcare?

Understanding cells helps healthcare workers diagnose and treat diseases effectively.

What can result from faulty DNA replication during cell division?

Mutations that are passed to daughter cells.

What do cancer cells do differently than normal cells?

Cancer cells divide continuously and evade apoptosis.

What is one common cause of irregular cell division?

Genetic mutations.