Exotics

What is ectothermic?

Where the body temperature depends on external sources such as sunlight or a heated rock surface

Do reptiles usually have a lower or higher RBC size, RBC numbers, and hemoglobin concentration?

Lower

What 2 species have a higher oxygenation capacity

Mammals and avians

What is the normal plasma color in almost all species?

Clear to light yellow

What is the plasma color in herbivores?

Orange to yellow

What is the plasma color in snakes?

Greenish to yellow

What is the plasma color in some lizards and what is it called?

Green - biliverdin

What is the normal PCV in most avian species?

35-55%

What is the normal PCV in most reptiles?

15-55%

Where do RBCs complete maturation in amphibians?

Peripheral blood

When in doubt on if to use EDTA (purple top tubes) anticoagulants, what should you use?

Herapin (green top tubes)

What are 2 ways to perform avian and reptiles RBC and WBC counts?

Hemocytometer and Phloxine B

What are the characteristics of Mammalia RBCs?

Biconcave shape and no nucleus

What are the characteristics of avian, reptile, amphibian, and fish RBCs?

Elliptical, homogenous eos cytoplasm, irregularly round to oval nuclei, and dense chromatin pattern

What is the order of species from the largest RBCs to the smallest?

Amphibians & Mammals → Reptiles → Avian → Feline

What specific species have the largest RBCs?

Salamanders

What specific species have the smallest RBCs?

Sheeps, Goats, and Deer

What type of relationship is between RBC count and RBC size?

Inverse

Give an example of an inverse relationship between RBC count and RBC size.

The larger the RBC, the lower the RBC count

What is the lifespan of avian RBCs?

28-75 days

What is the lifespan of RBCs in felines?

About 70 days

What is the lifespan of RBCs in canines?

About 110 days

What is the lifespan of RBCs in reptiles?

600-800 days

What species has sickle shaped RBCs?

Deer

In what species is hematopoietic tissue not as prominent in bones?

Avian species, think “Birds have hollow bones”

In what species is the bone marrow fibrous, and extramedullary production is more common and productive?

Reptiles

What stimulates erythropoiesis in reptiles?

Sun light

What do heterophils have similar functions with?

Neutrophils

What 4 mammals can have heterophils?

Rabbit, guinea pig, manatee, elephant

What is the characteristic of a heterophils nucleus?

Often bilobed to round, eccentrically located

What are the characteristics of a heterophils cytoplasm?

Colorless, filled with oval to fusiform to rod-shaped orange to brick-red granules

What WBC is this?

Heterophil

What 5 things can be seen in a toxic heterophil?

Increased cytoplasmic basophilia, degranulation, vacuolation, abnormal cytoplasmic granulation, and excessive nuclear lobation

What is this WBC?

Toxic heterophil

What are the characteristics of an eosinophil?

Round to bilobed nucleus, cytoplasm contains numerous round to oval bright pink granules

What WBC is this?

Eosinophil

What WBC is this?

Green eosinophil

What are the characteristics of a basophil?

Nucleus is round to oval, cytoplasm contains numerous round purple granules

What WBC is this?

Basophil

What are the characteristics of a lymphocyte?

Nucleus is round with dark staining chromatin, cytoplasm is a small amount of pale blue

Lymphocytes are hard to differentiate from what?

Thrombocytes

What is this WBC?

Lymphocyte

What are the characteristics of a monocyte?

Nucleus is oval to bilobed, cytoplasm is blue-gray, may be vacuolated

What WBC is this?

Monocyte

What is this cell?

Kurloff cell

What is this?

Melanophage

What WBC is only in reptiles and have a similar function to monocytes?

Azurophil

What are the characteristics of an azurophil?

Nucleus is round, cytoplasm is light blue to colorless with fine pink-red granules

What WBC is this?

Azurophil

When talking about hemoparasites, what is the black arrow pointing to?

Anaplasma

When talking about hemoparasites, what is this?

Trypanosome

When talking about hemoparasites, what are these?

Iridoviridae

When talking about hemoparasites, what is this?

Filiarid Nematodes