Design and Technology GCSE OCR

Define Strength

the ability of a material to withstand a force without breaking or bending.

Define Elasticity

The ability of a material to bend or flex when subjected to a force and then return to its original shape.

Define Hardness

A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched

Define Toughness

Mechanical property of a material that indicates the ability of the material to handle overloading before it fractures.

Define Brittleness

The tendency to crack or break; the opposite of elasticity

Define Durability

the ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage.

Define stability

Resistance to withstand changes in shape or size over time.

What is wood like in relation to Stability?

Unstable - tends to warp and twist with changes in humidity.

What are the main the Client needs?
'ACCESS FM'

A - Aesthetics
C - Customer (Who?)
C - Cost
E - Environment (will it help the environment?)
S - Size
S - Shape

F - Function
M - Material

Why are man made boards made?

-They are the most economical method of using wood.
-They allow much bigger sheets to be produces than what can be cut from a tree.
-They are stable and are free from knots and splits.

Name 5 man-made woods (Bloody Hell! My Pretty cat)

- Block Board
- Hardboard
- Medium density fibreboard
- Plywood
- Chipboard

Define welding

Pieces of metal are melted along the joints fusing the two sheets together as they cool.

What are the two main types of welding?

- Electric Arc (MIG)
- Gas (Oxy-acetylene)

What are bolts?

Similar to machine screws but with shaped heads that can be tightened with spanners

What are pop rivets?

Enable you to complete the joint when only having access to one side of the work. They are usually used for joining thin sheets together.

What is a Plastic weld?

A multi-purpose plastic adhesive that joins most types of plastics

What plastics must you not use a plastic weld on?

Foamed plastics

Name three devices that as well as joining metals can be used for joining plastics.

- Nuts
- Bolts
- Rivets

What is Tenasol 12?

It is good for acrylic, Its quick and easy but if split could mark the work and is not very strong.

Name 2 advantages of CAD

- Quicker than by hand
- More accurate than my hand

List 4 disadvantages of CAD

- Expensive to set up
- excess plastic from trial runs
- Need trained staff
- Software problems could occur

Define hard woods

Grows very slowly, Strong and relatively expensive, aesthetically pleasing

List 5 hard woods (Oh My! Thick Ass Booty!)

- Oak
- Mahogany
- Teak
- Ash
- Birch

Define Soft Wood

Grows quickly ,Widely available, Cheaper and used in furniture and papermaking

Name 2 soft woods

- Pine
- Spruce

What is a ferrous metal?

A metal that contains iron

What is a non-ferrous metal?

a metal that does not contain iron

List 3 factors of ALUMINUMN

Light weight, easy to machine, does not corrode easily

List 3 factors of MILD STEEL

Strong, Can we welded, rusts unless protected

List 3 factors of COPPER

Malleable, Excellent electrical conductor, Ductile

List 2 factors of PEWTER

Low melting point, can be cast into detailed shapes

List 4 Metals (My-Sister Ate Pop Corn)

- Mild Steel
- Aluminumn
- Pewter
- Copper

What is a thermoplastic?

A polymer that once heated can be formed into a variety of shapes using different forming techniques. once cooled the shape is held but they can be continuously reheated and shaped.

What is a thermosetting plastic?

These can't be altered by heat once they are made. Used where melting plastics would be dangerous. Eg, Plug Sockets

How is polystyrene made and what can it be used for?

Its vacuum formed - yoghurt pots etc...

How is Nylon made and what can it be used for?

Injection moulded -Washers, nuts and bolts

How is Polypropylene made and what can it be used for?

Injection moulded - Bottle tops

How is Acrylic made and what can it be used for?

Hand / CAM cut - sales display and CD racks

How is ABS made and what can it be used for?

Injection moulded - Cur bumpers

How is PVC made and what can it be used for?

Extruded - Drain pipes and packaging

How is PET made and what can it be used for?

Blow moulded - bottles

How is HDPE made and what can it be used for?

Injection moulded - buckets and wheelbarrows

How is LDPE made and what can it be used for?

Blow moulded - shampoo and hair gel packs

What is melamine used for?

Plastic coating for chipboard kitchen worktops

What is Polyester resin used for?

Casting, pouring into a mould mixed with glass fibres to make fibreglass

What is urea formaldehyde used for and how is it made?

it is compression moulded and is used for Electrical components eg, plugs, fuse boxes, light switches

What is finishing?

Any process done to the surface of a product to make the product more attractive to a consumer

What is galvanising?

Galvanising can be used to protect iron or steel objects. The object is coated in a layer of zinc, the zinc stops water and oxygen reaching the initial metal and stops corrosion

What is Plastic dip coating?

the part is heated and then dipped into a thermoplastic powder which melts on to the metal

What is Oil based paint?

Provides a waterproof seal for ferrous metals and also an attractive finish. Used for car bodywork.

What is anodizing?

Involves staining the oxide layer of aluminium with a pigment to introduce colour and reduce corrosion. Commonly used for mountain bike parts.

What is staining?

Involves applying a water based pigment to improve the look of wood.

What is Polyurethane Varnish?

A tough clear coating that seals wood but allows the grain to be seen. Used for outdoor furniture.

What is finishing for plastics?

plastics are generally self-finishing meaning that once moulded into the shape they require no further work. Coloured Pigments can be added but only before moulding.

List 4 advantages of Robotics

- Increased efficiency and productivity
- Fewer errors and greater accuracy
- Limited human input reducing labour costs
- The ability to perform work that is otherwise dangerous for humans.

List 4 Disadvantages of robotics

- Expensive to set up and maintain
- Replaces human labour leading to job loss
- No human judgment
- Requires highly skilled workers to operate the equipment

What are the 5 stages of the life cycle assessment?

1. Extracting raw materials
2. Manufacture
3. Distributing and packaging
4. Use
5. Disposal

What are the 6 R's?

Repair, reuse, recycle, rethink, reduce and refuse

Name two Composite Materials

- Glass reinforces Plastic
- Carbon reinforced Plastic

List 7 types of stock form

- Sheet
- Rod
- Flat strip
- Tube
- Angle
- Channel
- Strip

What is erganomics?

-It's about how a person interacts with a product and their environment
-Is the user comfortable using the product?

What is taken into consideration when talking about anthropometrics?

-Height
-waist size
-weight
-arm span

What it qualitative data?

Described with words (quaLITative)

What is quantitive data?

Described using numbers or a set figure

What does a design brief usually contain a description of?

-Budget
-Function
-Target audience
-Time scale
-Why is it needed?
-Aesthetics

What does the manufacturing spec consist of?

-Assemble instructions
-Scale of production
-Annotations
-Components Required
-tolerences
-Quality Control
-Assurance control

What social factors should be taken into consideration when Planning a product?

-Climate Change
-Deforestation
-Fair Trade