Units 1-4 AP HUG Important Vocab (copy)

Absolute

exact measure

Relative

social, culture, and political differences

Ethnocentrism

evaluation of another culture by a groups own standards

Cultural Relativism

evaluation of another culture by that cultures standards

Sequent Occupance

cultural marks left on the landscape by each group of people that occupied throughout history

Formal Region

formally defined region

Functional Region

regions fit for a purpose

Perceptual/Vernacular Region

perceived or referenced regions

Environmental Determinism

climate and landforms shaping humans

Environmental Possiblism

human and the environment working together

Cultural Determinism

only humans shape other humans, not the environment

Relocation Diffusion

spread of cultural traits through migration

Expansion Diffusion

cultural traits spread through people (three types: contagious, hierarchical, stimulus)

Contagious Diffusion

rapidly spread cultural traits

Hierarchical Diffusion

traits spread through the hierarchy system

Stimulus Diffusion

cultural traits inspire the creations of new traits

Lingua Franca

single language adopted by people of many different languages

Creolization

two languages are combine to form a new distinct language

Globalization

the trend of increased cultural and economic connectedness between people, businesses, and organizations throughout the world without regards to borders or barriers

Acculturation

people adopt some traits of another culture while they also keep their own

Assimilation

people assume almost all characteristics of a culture around them (forced or voluntary)

Syncretism

two or more cultural traits join together to create one new cultural trait

State

geographic area with defined borders

Nation

a group of people with shared culture and or ethnicity

Nation-State

when borders of the state math. the borders of a nation (ex: Japan, Denmark, Iceland)

Stateless Nation

nations of people without a state to occupy (ex: kurds in SW asia)

Multi-state Nation

nation of people who live in multiple states (ex: Soviets after the dismantle of the Soviet Union)

Multinational State

states with various cultures and ethnicities (ex: USA, Nigeria, Iraq)

Autonomous

a location in a state that is given authority independently (ex: Hong Kong, Native American reservations)

Devolution

process of which regions within a state demand political strength or autonomy

Antecedent Boundaries

established before a major settlement (ex: Canada and USA)

Subsequent Boundaries

drawn in areas that have been settled by people (ex: Europe)

Consequent Boundaries

drawn WITH consideration of different cultural landscape (ex: Yugoslavia into smaller states)

Superimposed Boundaries

drawn by outside forces WITHOUT consideration for differences in culture (ex: Africa)

Geometric Boundaries

using lines of longitude and latitude (ex: South Korea and North Korea’s 38th parallel)

Relic Boundaries

boundaries that no longer exist (ex: East and Western Germany after WWII)

Supranational Organizations

an alliance of three or more states that work in pursuit of common goals (ex: EU, United Nations, NATO, the Arctic Council)

Gerrymandering

redistricting for a political advantage, when the political party controls a majority of seats in the state they try and draw boundaries that extend their political power

Colonialism

I live here

Imperialism

You work for me now