Science-Chapter 3

aeration

The process of introducing air into a substance

concentrated

Describes a solution that has a relatively large amount of dissolved solute

distillation

The process of separating components of a liquid mixture based on differences in boiling points

evaporation

The process of converting liquid into vapor, typically by heating, which is often used in water purification and concentration of solutions.

Filtration

The process of separating solid particles from a liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a barrier or medium that allows only the fluid to pass.

Heat

Energy transfer that raises temperature

Herbicide

A substance used to control or eliminate unwanted plants, particularly weeds

insecticide

used to kill insects and pests.

kinetic energy

energy of motion

landfill

A designated area where waste materials are disposed of and buried.

mechanical mixture

A combination of two or more substances that retain their individual properties in which you can distinguish between different types of matter.

mixture

composed of two or more substances that retain their individual properties and can be separated by physical means.

overburden

Material that lies above the mineral or resource being extracted, often removed in mining operations.

particle

the smallest unit of a substance that retains its chemical identity.

pure substance

a material with a consistent composition and distinct properties, cannot be separated by physical means.

radioactive

material that emits radiation

salt pan

a natural geological formation where evaporation of water leaves behind mineral deposits, often found in arid environments.

saturated

a solution in which no more solute can dissolve at a given temperature.

solubility

the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure.

solute

a substance that is dissolved in a solution, typically present in lesser quantity compared to the solvent.

solution

a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances, where a solute is dissolved in a solvent.

solvent

the substance in which a solute is dissolved, typically present in greater quantity in a solution.

surface mining

a method of mining that involves removing soil and rock overburden to access mineral resources near the surface.

temperature

a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.