PTCB STUDY — CHAPTER 23

Therapeutic Agents for the Renal & Urologic Systems

The functional unit of the kidney is the:

A. Neuron

B. Nephron

C. Neutrophil

D. Node

B. Nephron

Which process occurs in the glomerulus?

A. Secretion

B. Filtration

C. Absorption

D. Concentration

B. Filtration

Tubular reabsorption returns which substances to the bloodstream?

A. Bacteria

B. Large proteins

C. Water, sodium, glucose

D. Platelets

C. Water, sodium, glucose

Tubular secretion primarily removes:

A. Oxygen

B. Albumin

C. Hydrogen ions, toxins, excess ions

D. Antibodies

C. Hydrogen ions, toxins, excess ions

The hormone produced by the kidneys to increase RBC production is:

A. Aldosterone

B. Renin

C. Erythropoietin

D. Calcitonin

C. Erythropoietin

Renin secretion initiates which major system?

A. Anticoagulation cascade

B. RAAS

C. Sympathetic nervous system

D. Cholesterol synthesis

B. RAAS

The most common causes of CKD in the U.S. are:

A. COPD and anemia

B. Diabetes and hypertension

C. Asthma and GERD

D. Stroke and PUD

B. Diabetes and hypertension

CKD Stage 5 corresponds to a GFR of:

A. 90+

B. 60–89

C. 15–29

D. <15

D. <15

Which symptom commonly appears in advanced CKD?

A. Tachycardia only

B. Hypoglycemia

C. Anemia

D. Hyperthyroidism

C. Anemia

Hyperphosphatemia in CKD is treated with:

A. Calcium acetate or sevelamer

B. Digoxin

C. Insulin

D. Lisinopril

A. Calcium acetate or sevelamer

Hemodialysis works by:

A. Using the stomach lining to filter waste

B. Using an external machine to filter blood

C. Increasing urine output naturally

D. Inhibiting the ureter

B. Using an external machine to filter blood

Peritoneal dialysis carries a risk of:

A. Rhabdomyolysis

B. Peritonitis

C. Appendicitis

D. DVT

B. Peritonitis

Which diuretic class is most potent?

A. Thiazides

B. Potassium-sparing

C. Loop diuretics

D. Osmotic laxatives

C. Loop diuretics

Furosemide works by blocking reabsorption of:

A. Glucose

B. Sodium & chloride

C. Bicarbonate only

D. Iron

B. Sodium & chloride

A dangerous adverse effect of loop diuretics is:

A. Dry mouth

B. Hyperkalemia

C. Hypokalemia

D. Hyperthyroidism

C. Hypokalemia

Which diuretic is potassium-sparing and can cause gynecomastia?

A. Furosemide

B. Hydrochlorothiazide

C. Spironolactone

D. Mannitol

C. Spironolactone

Mannitol (Osmitrol) is used for:

A. UTI

B. Acute renal failure

C. Hypertension

D. Anemia

B. Acute renal failure

Which CKD medication must be refrigerated and not shaken?

A. Sevelamer

B. Epoetin alfa

C. Mirabegron

D. Cephalexin

B. Epoetin alfa

Nitrofurantoin is used to treat:

A. Kidney stones

B. UTIs/cystitis

C. Hypertension

D. Fluid overload

B. UTIs/cystitis

Which UTI medication turns urine orange/red?

A. Cephalexin

B. Ciprofloxacin

C. Phenazopyridine

D. Fosfomycin

C. Phenazopyridine

Overactive bladder (OAB) is commonly treated with:

A. Antispasmodics

B. Antimuscarinics

C. Antibiotics

D. Beta blockers

B. Antimuscarinics

Mirabegron (Myrbetriq) works by:

A. Blocking acetylcholine

B. Activating beta-3 receptors

C. Blocking sodium reabsorption

D. Increasing serotonin

B. Activating beta-3 receptors

Oxybutynin causes which common side effect?

A. Bradycardia

B. Diarrhea

C. Dry mouth

D. Tremor

C. Dry mouth

Which drug requires Do Not Crush when in ER form?

A. Detrol LA

B. Nitrofurantoin

C. Sevelamer

D. Calcium carbonate

A. Detrol LA

Which diuretic requires potassium supplementation?

A. Mannitol

B. Furosemide

C. Spironolactone

D. Amiloride

B. Furosemide

Which medication class is dangerous in elderly due to confusion/dry mouth?

A. Fluoroquinolones

B. Antimuscarinics

C. Statins

D. ARBs

B. Antimuscarinics

Which electrolyte imbalance is most common in CKD?

A. Hyperkalemia

B. Hypocalcemia

C. Hypermagnesemia

D. Hypophosphatemia

A. Hyperkalemia

Lasix

furosemide

Bumex

bumetanide

Demadex

torsemide

Microzide

hydrochlorothiazide

Thalitone

chlorthalidone

Zaroxolyn

metolazone

Aldactone

spironolactone

Dyrenium

triamterene

Midamor

amiloride

Osmitrol

mannitol

PhosLo

calcium acetate

Renvela

sevelamer

Rocaltrol

calcitriol

Sensipar

cinacalcet

Epogen / Procrit

epoetin alfa

Aranesp

darbepoetin alfa

Tums

calcium carbonate

Urocit-K

potassium citrate

Keflex

cephalexin

Macrobid

nitrofurantoin

Pyridium

phenazopyridine

Ditropan

oxybutynin

Detrol

tolterodine

Sanctura

trospium

VESIcare

solifenacin

Myrbetriq

mirabegron