echinoderms

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5 Terms

1
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echinoderms in the tree of life of animals

  • part of deuterostomia (blastopore becomes the anus)

  • within deuterostomes, in the ambulacraria (sister group to chordata)

  • sister group to hemichordata

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major innovations of deuterostomia

  • gill slits: series of openings in the wall of the pharynx braced by bars of cartilage (reduced in echinoderms), helps filter feeding

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echinoderms characteristics

  • marine, benthic (bottom of a body of water), free-living

  • loss of ancestral deuterostome features (bilateral symmetry, cephalization, gill slits)

  • pentaradial (5-fold) symmetry

  • extreme decentralization

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echinoderm growth stages

  1. bipinnaria

  2. brachiolaria

  3. late brachiolaria

  4. metamorphosis

  5. juvenile

  6. adult

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phylogeny of extant echinoderms

  • crinoidea: sea lilies and feather stars

  • asteroidea: sea stars

  • ophiuroidea: brittle stars

  • echinoidea: sea urchins

  • holothuroidea: sea cucumbers

<ul><li><p>crinoidea: sea lilies and feather stars</p></li><li><p>asteroidea: sea stars</p></li><li><p>ophiuroidea: brittle stars</p></li><li><p>echinoidea: sea urchins</p></li><li><p>holothuroidea: sea cucumbers</p></li></ul><p></p>