H Chem Test 1

Plastic Plates

Used to experiment with small quantities

Micro

0.000001 (10^-6)

Pico

0.000000000001 (10^-12)

Substance

Has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample

Beaker

Used to transport or store liquids

Graduated Cylinder

Used to measure the volume of a liquid to 1mL

Evaporating Dish

Used for low level heating

Crucible

Used for high level heating

Watch Glass

Allows you to cover but still see.
Can also be used as a platform for hot things

Erlenmeyer Flask

Used to swirl liquids without spilling

Test Tube Rack

Used to hold test tubes upright.
Can also be used as a platform for hot things

Tongs

Used to transport materials or as an extension

Funnel

Used to pour into small openings or for separation

Cleaning Brush

Used to clean equipment

Distilled Water

Used for rinsing

Stirring Rod

Used to stir solutions

Balance

Used to measure mass in grams

Hot Plate

Used for gentle heat

Bunsen Burner

Used for direct heating.
Light heating in the outer cone and high heat at the top of the inner cone

Ring Stand

Used as a platform to hold things or to suspend a crucible

Wire Guaze

Used as a platform on ring stand or as a barrier for the lab bench

Clay Triangle

Used to hold a crucible with a ring stand as the crucible is heated

Measurement

A comparison of an entity that your considering and a verified standard

Mass

The amount of matter an object has (kilogram)

Length

Straight line distance between two successive points (meter)

Time

Distance between two successive events (second)

Temperature

The measure of the average kinetic energy in the particles of a substance (Kelvin)

Electric Current

Amount of charge passing a given point (ampere)

Luminous intensity

Brightness (candela)

Mega

1000000 (10^6)

Kilo

1000 (10^3)

Hecto

100 (10^2)

Deca

10

Deci

0.1 (10^-1)

Centi

0.01 (10^-2)

Milli

0.001 (10^-3)

Nano

0.000000001 (10^-9)

Dimensional Analysis

used to convert one quantity to another

Significant Digits

Statement of how accurate a measuring instrument is
Use to given measurements and estimate one decimal
Given or defined quantities are not included

Significant Digit Rules

1. non zero numbers are always significant
2. zeros between non zero numbers are always significant
3. all final zeros to the right of the decimal place are significant
4. Placeholder zeros are not significant

Adding And Subtracting Significant Digits

Answer needs reported with the same amount of decimal places as the number with the least decimal places

Multiplying And Dividing Significant Digits

Answer needs reported with the same amount of significant digits as the number with the least significant digits

State of Matter

the physical state of a substance as a solid, liquid, or gas

Composition of Matter

The chemicals that a substance is made up of

Pure Substance

Always has the same composition
Elements/conpounds

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture
Solution

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that is not uniform in composition or evenly distributed

Element

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Compound

substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Physical Properties

Describes how an object looks, feels, smells, sounds, or acts

Chemical Properties

The behavior of a substance
What it does or doesn't do

Physical Changes

A type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition, such as state of matter

Chemical Changes

A change in which one or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances
Changes the nature of a substance

Law of Constant Composition

A compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by mass
The relative number of atoms of each element is constant
Also known as the Law of Definite Proportions

Density

The mass of an object divided by its volume