i. hate. bio.

What three things did mendel contribute to genetics?

segregation, independent assortment and dominance

substitution

fat ctt sat

deletion

fat cts at

insertion

Faa tca tsa t

who identified the Lac operon?

Jacob and modon

what do the three structural genes make when they are transcribed and translated?

three enzymes

what does the operator do?

allows protein responsible for the transcription sequence to attach to the DNA

homeotic genes hox

determine where everything is ex. if you had wings they would determine where they were toolbox gene

euchromatin

participates in transcription, think coiled dna

premRNA

first form of RNA created through protein synthesis

heat shock genes

help regulate temperature and protect the body from temperature

enhancers

turn on specific genes

what is the relationship between prob and meiosis? (segregation, traits, gametes, ind assortment and offspring)

By using probability in meiosis, we can roughly predict the next set of traits in the next generation of offspring, in meiosis when the gametes meet and anaphase and metaphase is shown, you can see both independent assortment and segregation. Segregation occurs in anaphase and independent assortment occurs in metaphase.

dif between codom and incomplete dom

codominance shares dominance and in incomplete dominance the sharing is uneven.

dif between polygenic and mult alleles

in polygenic many genes mean the same thing, but in multiple alleles you are predicting several different traits. (skin tone and height or hemophilia and baldness)

segregation

separation that occurs in anaphase

ind assortment

metaphase in meiosis when they seperate, blue eyes and blonde hair are two different genes and not related

relation between probability, ind assortment and segregation

probability helps us predict the future offspring, this comes into play during ind assortment and segregation because they determine the traits in meiosis.

mutation

an alteration in the DNA sequence of an organism

chromosome mutation vs point mutation

chromosome looks at hundreds of nucleotides whereas point mutation only focuses on one point.

what type of mutations can be passed on?

gene mutations

what can cause mutations?

errors in cell replication or division