Study Guide for Chapters 15 & 16: AP Gov
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Waples, American Government: Stories of a Nation for the AP® Course, 1e, Chapter 15 & 16
Last updated 6:14 AM on 3/7/25
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99 Terms
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Interest Groups
Groups that aim to influence public policy.
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Example of Interest Group
The NRA (National Rifle Association) promotes gun rights.
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Key Phrase for Interest Groups
Influence policy.
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Social Movements
Large collective efforts seeking social or political change.
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Example of Social Movement
The Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.
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Key Phrase for Social Movements
Collective action.
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Theory of Participatory Democracy
Democracy works best with active citizen participation in political decisions.
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Example of Participatory Democracy
Community town halls where citizens directly shape local policy.
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Key Phrase for Participatory Democracy
Active participation.
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Civil Society
Voluntary organizations that contribute to public life, separate from government.
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Example of Civil Society Organization
Religious groups and volunteer organizations.
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Key Phrase for Civil Society
Non-governmental.
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Pluralist Theory
Democracy thrives when many interest groups compete, balancing influence.
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Example of Pluralist Theory
Various advocacy groups influencing policy.
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Key Phrase for Pluralist Theory
Competition.
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Elitist Theory
A small, wealthy group holds the real power in politics, rather than the general public.
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Example of Elitist Theory
Wealthy donors influencing elections.
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Key Phrase for Elitist Theory
Small elite.
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Policy Agenda
The set of issues policymakers prioritize for action.
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Example of Policy Agenda Issue
Health care reform.
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Key Phrase for Policy Agenda
Priority issues.
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Collective Action
People working together to achieve a common goal.
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Example of Collective Action
Organizing protests for a cause.
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Key Phrase for Collective Action
Teamwork.
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Collective Good
A benefit provided to all, even those who don’t participate in its creation.
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Example of Collective Good
Clean air.
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Key Phrase for Collective Good
Public benefit.
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Free Riders
Individuals who benefit from collective efforts without contributing.
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Example of Free Riders
Not paying union dues but benefiting from union negotiations.
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Key Phrase for Free Riders
Non-contributors.
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Selective Benefits
Benefits given only to group members to encourage participation.
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Example of Selective Benefits
Discounts for AARP members.
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Key Phrase for Selective Benefits
Exclusive.
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Economic Interest Groups
Groups focused on promoting the economic interests of their members.
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Example of Economic Interest Group
The American Farm Bureau Federation.
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Key Phrase for Economic Interest Groups
Economic benefits.
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Public Interest Groups
Groups that advocate for the broader public good, not just their members.
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Example of Public Interest Group
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).
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Key Phrase for Public Interest Groups
General welfare.
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Single-Issue Groups
Groups focused on one specific issue.
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Example of Single-Issue Group
The National Right to Life Committee.
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Key Phrase for Single-Issue Groups
Focused issue.
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Government Interest Groups
Groups representing the interests of government entities.
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Example of Government Interest Group
The National Governors Association.
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Key Phrase for Government Interest Groups
Government interests.
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Lobbying
Efforts to influence government policy by persuading decision-makers.
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Example of Lobbying
Lobbyists from the pharmaceutical industry.
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Key Phrase for Lobbying
Policy influence.
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Revolving Door
The movement of individuals between government positions and lobbying roles.
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Example of Revolving Door
A former congressperson becomes a lobbyist.
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Key Phrase for Revolving Door
Career shift.
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Amicus Curiae Brief
A brief submitted by a group offering information to the court in a case.
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Example of Amicus Curiae Brief
Interest groups submitting briefs to influence Supreme Court decisions.
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Key Phrase for Amicus Curiae Brief
Legal influence.
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Iron Triangle
A close, mutually beneficial relationship between interest groups, government agencies, and congressional committees.
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Example of Iron Triangle
The relationship between defense contractors and Congress.
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Key Phrase for Iron Triangle
Mutually beneficial.
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Issue Network
A broader group involved in policy-making on an issue.
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Example of Issue Network
Environmental groups working on climate policy.
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Key Phrase for Issue Network
Broad coalition.
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Grassroots Lobbying
Mobilizing ordinary people to influence political decisions.
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Example of Grassroots Lobbying
Organizing calls to Congress on policy.
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Key Phrase for Grassroots Lobbying
Public mobilization.
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Protest
A public demonstration to express political views.
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Example of Protest
Protests advocating for women's rights.
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Key Phrase for Protest
Public demonstration.
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Civil Disobedience
Nonviolent resistance, breaking laws to protest perceived injustice.
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Example of Civil Disobedience
Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat.
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Key Phrase for Civil Disobedience
Nonviolent.
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News Media
Organizations that gather and distribute news to the public.
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Example of News Media
CNN or The New York Times.
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Key Phrase for News Media
Information dissemination.
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Social Media
Digital platforms for individuals and organizations to create and share content.
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Example of Social Media Platform
Twitter or Facebook.
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Key Phrase for Social Media
Digital platforms.
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Agenda Setting
The media's ability to influence which issues are seen as important.
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Example of Agenda Setting
Media coverage of climate change.
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Key Phrase for Agenda Setting
Issue prioritization.
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Mass Media
Traditional media that reaches large audiences.
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Example of Mass Media
ABC News or The Washington Post.
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Key Phrase for Mass Media
Broad reach.
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Wire Service
A news agency providing news to multiple media outlets.
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Example of Wire Service
Associated Press (AP).
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Key Phrase for Wire Service
News distribution.
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Investigative Journalism
In-depth journalism focused on uncovering hidden truths.
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Example of Investigative Journalism
Watergate scandal reporting by The Washington Post.
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Key Phrase for Investigative Journalism
In-depth.
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Broadcast Media
Media platforms like television and radio that broadcast content.
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Example of Broadcast Media
NPR or CBS.
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Key Phrase for Broadcast Media
Public broadcast.
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Media Consolidation
When fewer companies control more of the media industry.
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Example of Media Consolidation
Disney owning ABC and ESPN.
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Key Phrase for Media Consolidation
Fewer companies.
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Partisan Bias
Media that favors one political party or ideology.
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Example of Partisan Bias
Fox News vs. MSNBC.
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Key Phrase for Partisan Bias
Political bias.
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Horse-Race Journalism
Focusing on the competitive aspects of elections rather than policy.
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Example of Horse-Race Journalism
Coverage of who is winning in presidential polls.
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Key Phrase for Horse-Race Journalism
Competition.
