Anatomy- Respiratory System

normal respiratory rate and rhythm

eupnoea

normal respirations per minute

12-15

increased respiratory rate

tachypnoea

decreased respiratory rate

bradypnoea

absence of breathing

apnoea

increased depth and rate of breathing

hyperpnoea

extremely slow and shallow breathing

hypoventilation

fast, deep breathing

hyperventilation

condition where your alveoli enlarge, lungs become less elastic and airways collapse; exhaling is difficult

emphysema

condition when mucus gets in your respiratory passageways

chronic bronchitis

Event of respiration that is your breathing; air moving in and out of lungs so the gases in the alveoli are exchanged

pulmonary ventilation

Event of respiration that is the gas exchange between the blood and alveoli

external respiration

Event of respiration where oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported to and from lungs and body tissue cells by the bloodstream

respiratory gas transport

Event of respiration where there is gas exchange between blood and tissue cells

internal respiration

According to Boyle’s law, as the volume of your lungs increase (lungs expand) what happens to the pressure?

decreases

narrow bronchioles in spasms

inflammation of bronchioles

asthma

Respiratory volumes:
normal quiet breathing

tidal volume

Respiratory volumes:

amounted inhaled above your tidal volume

inspiratory reserve volume

Respiratory volumes:

amount of air forcibly exhaled

expiratory reserve volume

amount of air still in lungs after ERV

Residual Volume

Respiratory volumes:

air that remains in passageways

deadspace volume

Respiratory volumes:

combination of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve, and expiratory volume

vital capacity

inadequate oxygen delivery to body tissue

hypoxia

CO binds to hemoglobin instead of oxygen

carbon monoxide poisoning

Where does the gas exchange with the blood occur?

alveoli

only externally visible organ of the respiratory system

nose

parts of the nose

external nares

nasal cavity

What in the nose traps dirt?

cilia

What type of receptors help with smell?

olfactory

In the cavity walls of the nose that increase the surface area for air and produce turbulence

conchae

opening in the hard palate (roof of the mouth) that occurs when the palate tissue does not fuse together during fetal development, making breathing, chewing, and speaking different

cleft palate

4 sinuses

frontal

maxillary

ethmoid

sphenoid

allows for the entrance of food and air

pharynx

3 parts of the pharynx

naso

oro

laryngo

covering over the end of the pharynx that prevents food from going into the larynx

epiglottis

Clusters of lymphatic tissue that trap and remove bacteria or pathogens from the throat

tonsils

Also known as the voice box

larynx

Purpose of the larynx

routes food and air into the right places

Also known as your windpipe

trachea

Your right lung has how many lobes?

3

Your left lung has how many lobes?

2

Top of the lungs

apex

Bottom of the lung

base

Type of fluid that allows lungs to move easily

What are alveoli covered with?

capillaries

Is blood allowed in alveoli?

no