Part 1 of CS437

Numeric Data Types

Int, Decimal, Bit, and Float

String (Character) Data Types

Char, Varchar

Date and Time Data Types

DATE, TIME, DATETIME

Database Management System (DBMS)

Software that manages and controls access to databases.

Functions of a DBMS

Creating databases, modifying data, reading data, enforcing constraints, controlling concurrency, performing backup and recovery.

Inner Join

Returns only rows with matching values from both tables.

Outer Join

Returns all rows from one table and matching rows from another table.

LEFT JOIN

Includes all rows from the left table and matches from the right.

RIGHT JOIN

Includes all rows from the right table and matches from the left.

FULL JOIN

Includes all rows from both tables; MySQL does not support this natively.

First Normal Form (1NF)

Ensures each column contains atomic values and each row is unique.

Second Normal Form (2NF)

Ensures no partial dependencies on non-key attributes.

Third Normal Form (3NF)

Ensures no transitive dependencies between attributes.

Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)

Stronger than 3NF; every determinant is a candidate key.

Fourth Normal Form (4NF)

Addresses multivalued dependencies to minimize redundancy.

Fifth Normal Form (5NF)

Further reduces redundancy in relational databases.

Domain Integrity Constraint

Defines valid values for a column (e.g., Age should be a positive integer).

Referential Integrity Constraint

Ensures foreign key values reference valid primary key values.

NULL values in foreign keys

Allowed if relationships are optional to prevent orphan records.

Data Integrity Impact

Prevents orphan records and ensures relational consistency.

Column Data Types

Numeric, String, Date and Time, Boolean